What Is Spilanthes?

Spirulina, the name of Chinese herbal medicine. This product is a variety of spirulina, such as Spirulina platensis, which is a family of Oscillators. Latin plant name: Spirulina platensis (Notdst.) Geitl. Harvesting and storage: Harvesting and drying is the key technology for the industrial production of spirulina. The algae liquid with lower dry matter content is filtered and washed to gradually dehydrate and dry the dried algal powder to obtain the finished algal powder without losing effective nutrients. Algae liquid filtering equipment generally uses inclined screens, gravity curved screens, dewatering equipment using three-foot centrifuge or vacuum suction filter, drying equipment has a special spray dryer and rotary flash dryer. The main functions are: reducing the toxic and side effects of cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy; improving immune function; reducing blood lipids. Adjuvant treatment of main cancer; Hyperlipidemia; Iron deficiency anemia; Diabetes; Malnutrition; Deficiency after illness; Used as health food.

Chinese name: Spirulina

Chinese name: Luo Xuan Zao
Alias: Pen column, special crisp Trattoria.

Spirulina source

This product is a variety of spirulina, such as Spirulina platensis, which is a family of Oscillators. Latin plant name: Spirulina platensis (Notdst.) Geitl. Harvesting and storage: Harvesting and drying is the key technology for the industrial production of spirulina. The algae liquid with lower dry matter content is filtered and washed to gradually dehydrate and dry the dried algal powder to obtain the finished algal powder without losing effective nutrients. Algae liquid filtering equipment generally uses inclined screens, gravity curved screens, dewatering equipment using three-foot centrifuge or vacuum suction filter, drying equipment has a special spray dryer and rotary flash dryer.

Indications of spirulina function

Reduce the toxic and side effects of cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy; improve immune function; lower blood lipids. Adjuvant treatment of main cancer; Hyperlipidemia; Iron deficiency anemia; Diabetes; Malnutrition; Deficiency after illness; Used as health food.

Morphological characteristics of spirulina

Spirulina platensis is a multicellular, cylindrical spiral filamentous body that is solitary or clustered. The diameter of the algae is 5-10 m, the apex is blunt, and the number of spirals is 2-7. Algae can vibrate and rotate, often spinning quickly around a longitudinal axis, crawling forward. The contents of the cells are uniform and there is no true nucleus. Due to the different amounts of phycoerythrin and phycocyanin in the body, different body colors are displayed, such as blue-green, yellow-green or purple-red. And there are fragile transverse walls. It is a simple breeding method of prokaryotes and can be divided directly.

Spirulina distribution area

Resource distribution: widely distributed in warm salt and freshwater areas. Now it has been artificially cultivated and produced on a large scale by mechanization.

Spirulina growth environment

Ecological environment: It grows in a variety of freshwater and seawater, and often floats in the middle and low tide zone seawater or epiphytic on other algae and attachments to form green-green coatings.

Spirulina growth habits

The optimal growth temperature of spirulina is 35-37 , which has better heat resistance. The optimal growth Ph range is 8.3-11.0. When Ph is greater than 11.0, it will not be good for growth. Under normal nutrition and temperature conditions, light has become an important factor affecting the growth of spirulina. In outdoor cultivation, the light source is mainly the sun. In experiments, a cold white light source is generally used. The light intensity required for growth and cultivation is about 3700- 4000lx, about 1100lx during maintenance culture. The growth of spirulina is not only affected by light intensity, but also responds differently depending on the color value of the light.

Spirulina cultivation technology

Cultivation technology (1) Breeding algae breeding Breeding high-quality and high-yielding algae breeding is an important part of the cultivation process. During the cultivation process, algae breeds must be domesticated and rehabilitated to prevent their degradation and mutation. (2) Preparation medium widely used at home and abroad is Brinell's medium, which is mainly composed of NaHCO3, NaNO3, NaCl, K2SO2, KH2PO4, FeSO4 · 7H2O and other salts. When designing the formula of the culture medium, it is necessary to make its Ph and nutritional status as close as possible to the condition of the culture solution of the algae seed pond, so that the inoculum can quickly enter the normal growth state. During the cultivation and harvesting process, new culture medium should be continuously added according to the temperature, light intensity, Ph and morphological characteristics of the algal body. The Ph of the medium is generally around 9. (3) Hierarchical expansion culture is generally divided into algae culture, expansion culture, inoculation, and large pond culture. The amount of inoculation is generally based on the algae liquid OD (the optical density of the algae liquid, used to indicate the concentration of algae) is about 0.1, under suitable climate conditions, after 4-5 days of cultivation, its brightness reaches 0.8- 1.0, you can harvest. Management of algal ponds The management of large ponds is an important guarantee for stable and high yields. The main content of the management is to measure and record the temperature, water temperature, PH and OD value regularly, remove the sundries, and turn the stirrer on and off regularly. Algae ponds and large ponds generally require agitators. Stirring can not only make the nutrients in the algae pond evenly distributed, avoid light damage and light starvation caused by uneven light in the deep and shallow algae in the pond, but also eliminate excessive O2, and reduce photosynthesis inhibition due to oxygen saturation. . Pay attention to control the pH at about 10 by adding NaHCO3, adding or replacing fresh culture medium, and increasing the supply of CO2. Pay attention to control the temperature, the optimal culture temperature is 25-35 ° C.

Spirulina dosage

Oral administration: It is usually made into tablets, pills, oral liquids, etc. For specific usage, see "Modern Clinical Research". Note: Spirulinamaxima Setch.et Gandn has been developed and used at home and abroad. China's seafood also has: S.subsalsa Oest. Is distributed in the Xisha Islands and Qingdao, Shandong. 2. S. major Kuetz. Is located in the Xisha Islands and Xiamen, Fujian.

Pharmacological effects of spirulina

1. Anti-radiation damage: oral administration of spirulina to mice before and after radiation exposure can improve the survival rate of mice. The effective dose is 3.75-15mg per animal (156-625mg / kg body weight, 2-5 times) . Spirulina was prophylaxis 3 times, and on the 9th day after 7.5Gy irradiation, observation of the sensitive organs of the irradiated animals showed that spirulina can make the thymus weight and bone marrow DNA content of the irradiated mice higher than that of the control group, which indicates that spirulina It has protective effects on immune organs and hematopoietic tissues, which may be one of the mechanisms of spirulina's anti-radiation damage.

2. Antibacterial effect: Spirulina platensis has antibacterial effect on Gram-positive bacteria. The ethanol extract of Spirulina platensis containing lipids and triterpenoids has the strongest antibacterial activity, and the sterol-containing extract also has antibacterial activity. Effect, but the effect is weak. Spirulina platensis has no inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacteria.

3. Anti-cancer effect: Spirulina can inhibit the formation of large intestinal degeneration crypts in NIH mice and standard deviation rats induced by a single short-term injection and a long-term multiple injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Spirulina polysaccharide has a significant inhibition rate on ascites liver cancer cells in vivo. The treatment group is 54.0% and the control group is 91.4%. The inhibitory effect on cancer cell DNA, RNA and protein is strengthened with the prolonged action time.

4. Photosensitivity: Treated mouse myeloma cells with 0.25mg / ml phycocyanin (phycocyanin), and then irradiated 300J / cm2 with 514nm laser, and found that the survival rate of cancer cells was only 15%; With laser irradiation or phycocyanin treatment, the cell survival rates were 69% and 71%. The human colorectal cancer cell line HR8348 was treated with 100 g, 50 g, and 25 g of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis, and was irradiated with 12J / cm2 of copper laser light at 630nm. The survival rates of the cultured cancer cells were measured by the MTT method. 22.2%, 37.6% and 89.7%, showing good dose response. After sarcoma S180 mice were given phycocyanin injections of 2 mg or 20 mg orally, the tumors were irradiated with copper laser for 15 days, and the effective rates were 50% and 53%, which were significantly different from the control group. In vitro and in vivo tests have confirmed that phycocyanin does have photosensitivity and has no toxic side effects. It is an ideal photosensitizer.

5. Effect on the immune system: Spirulina polysaccharide can increase the serum hemolysin of mice by 39.5% -98.0%, the phagocytic rate of peritoneal macrophages by 32.5% -51.5%, the phagocytic index by 0.9-1.8 times, and T lymph The number of cells increased by 46.8% -87.7%, spleen white marrow lymphocytes were densely arranged, macrophages in red marrow increased significantly, and acidic -naphthyl esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocytes increased by 7.3% -12.8%.

6. Cholesterol reduction: Thirty men with high cholesterol and mild hyperlipidemia were divided into two groups. Group A took 4.2g of spirulina daily for 8 weeks. Total serum cholesterol changed from 6.3mmol / L in 4 weeks ( (244mg / dl) decreased to 6.1mmol / L (233mg / dl), a decrease of 4.5%. Group B stopped after 4 weeks, the total serum cholesterol decreased, and then returned to the original level. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly by 6.1% within 4 weeks. People with high cholesterol levels had a greater decline in serum cholesterol.

7. Improving iron bioavailability and conditioning anemia: Select purebred Wistar rats, use a low iron diet to replicate the iron deficiency anemia model, use spirulina to perform a recovery test, use ferrous sulfate as a positive control group, and Iron feed was used as the negative control group, and the spirulina content was divided into 3 experimental groups from small to large, with the contents of 1%, 8%, and 15%, respectively. Results: The weights of the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 3 were higher than those of the positive control group. The experimental group 1 weight was close to that of the positive control group, and the weight of the positive control group was higher than that of the negative control group. It is suggested that simple iron deficiency can affect the growth of rats and cause the weight gain of rats to be slow. Spirulina has the effect of accelerating the weight gain of rats and has a significant recovery effect on iron deficiency anemia in rats. Another trial in Japan was to restrict the diet of 8 young women for a longer period of time, showing sub-long-term anemia-lower than normal hemoglobin level, and then eating 4g of spirulina after each meal. After taking 80 days, Hemoglobin increased by 21%, from 109g / L to 132g / L, no longer anemia.

8. Help build a healthy Lactobacillus group: Rats fed spirulina had a three-fold increase in lactobacillus compared to the control group. Adding 5% of spirulina to the rat diet and feeding for 100 days, the results were: cecum weight increased by 13%, lactobacillus increased by 327%, and cecum vitamin B1 increased by 43%. Spirulina does not provide this extra vitamin B1, but improves the absorption of the entire vitamin B1. It shows that consuming spirulina increases the number of lactobacillus in the body and makes the body absorb vitamin B1 and other vitamins from the diet more efficiently.

9. Protective effect on the stomach: Intragastric administration of spirulina platensis 250-500mg / kg, has obvious protective effect on experimental gastric ulcer models of indomethacin (indomethacin) type and absolute ethanol type; can reduce the pylorus The incidence of ligated rat ulcer model and the reduction of ulcer number also have a certain inhibitory effect on gastric secretion; it can accelerate the healing of gastric ulcer in chronic acetic acid rats.

10. Reduce the toxicity of mercury and drugs to the kidney: After injection of the prepared high-concentration organomercury drugs in mice, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of renal toxicity is increased by 310%, and the serum creatine is increased by 198%. Add 30 to the diet. After spirulina%, BUN decreased by 20%, serum creatine decreased by 157%, and 2 cases fell to the initial level. Similar effects were observed after mice were given common drugs, such as analgesics, antibiotics, and anticancer drugs.

11. Other effects: Feeding chicks with feed containing Spirulina platensis can increase chicks' weight by 80%. This is due to the presence of iodine compounds in Spirulina platensis, such as T4 and T3. These iodine-containing compounds stimulate Up chick growth. In addition, spirulina can lower blood sugar and suppress blood pressure rise.

12. Toxicity: Spirulina platensis is acutely toxic by oral administration, with a mouse lethal dose greater than 6.0 g / kg.

Chemical composition of spirulina

Contains protein (60%), mainly composed of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine , Trypophane, valine and other components. In addition, it contains fat, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, carotenoids, phycocyanin, vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, E, nicotinicacid, creatine, and -linseed. Acid (-linolenicacid), calcium pantothenate, folic acid (folicacid) and calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, etc.