What are the steps of protein synthesis?

The steps of protein synthesis, a process by which genetic information is transformed into proteins is transcription, translation, and in some cases posttranslation modification and composing proteins. Proteins are functional biological units composed of composed biochemical chains, which are involved in almost every chemical process that takes place in the body, including immune response, digestion and cell growth. They also play a structural role in many organisms and are responsible for maintaining the shapes and positions of many cells, tissues and organs. Different proteins must be produced in the right timing proportions, so it is important that the steps for their synthesization run in a coordinated and accurate way.

Transcription is the first of the main steps in the production of proteins. In transcription, genetic information is in the form of two -structural acid deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA "reading" by a group of proteins that form a single -threaded ribonucleic acid, or RNA, transcript. Proteins start and endThe process of transcription at specific points on the DNA spring based on genetic information coded in the source. Specific points of the initial and stop determine the identity of the protein that will be later produced. The DNA string is maintained in transcription, so many RNA transcripts can be made of a single DNA chain.

Another of the main steps of protein synthesis is referred to as a translation, which is when the protein itself is produced; The next steps include either creating a transcript that contains information for protein or modification of protein after its production. In translation, the RNA transcript is surrounded by ribosome or "proteins factory" that "reads" genetic information about the transcript to form a polypeptide chain. This string before folding is simply an amino acid chain. Either spontaneous or with the help of other proteins, the amino acid chain later folds and takes over the three -dimensional structure, from nThus, proteins are derived.

Although protein is produced in translation, sometimes there are other steps for protein synthesis that ensure that protein is well suitable for its possible purpose. For example, folding proteins is not generally completed until it is completed. In some cases, other proteins also perform chemical modifications on the newly produced unit. These changes tend to change the three -dimensional protein structure, changing its function. Other forms of posttranslation modification can also reversely activate or deactivate the newly produced protein.