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[xìng cài] Amaranth is a shallow water plant. The stems are slender, soft and branched, with creeping growth, rooting at nodes, floating on the water or in the soil. Leaf-shaped water lilies, small and chic, bright yellow flowers stand out of the water, with many flowers and long flowering period, it is the best product in the garden to embellish the waterscape. [1]

[xìng cài] Amaranth is a shallow water plant. The stems are slender, soft and branched, with creeping growth, rooting at nodes, floating on the water or in the soil. Leaf-shaped water lilies, small and chic, bright yellow flowers stand out of the water, with many flowers and long flowering period, it is the best product in the garden to embellish the waterscape. [1]
Chinese scientific name
Amaranth
Latin scientific name
Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O. Kuntze
nickname
Amaranth, lotus leaf amaranth, donkey hoof, water lotus leaf
boundary
Plant kingdom
door
Angiosperm
Tsuna
Dicotyledoneae
Head
Gentiana
Branch
Gentianaceae
Genus
Amaranth
distribution area
Originating in China. Japan, Russia and Iran, India and other countries are also distributed.

Morphological characteristics of amaranth

Amaranth
A perennial aquatic plant with two types of branches, with long branches creeping at the bottom of the water, such as transverse stems; short branches growing from the nodes of long branches. [2]
The petiole length varies greatly, the leaves are ovate, 3 to 5 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide. The upper surface is green with purple-black patches on the edges and the lower surface is purple. The flower is large and obvious. It is the largest flower-shaped species in the genus Amaranth. It is about 2.5 cm in diameter. The corolla is yellow and lobed. Each base has a tuft of hairs with five glands; five stamens, inserted between the lobes, and the pistil stigma bifid. Fruits and seeds are also a more special species in the genus Amaranth, with five nectaries at the base of the ovary, stigma 2-lobed, and flakes. Capsule oval, not cracking. Seeds numerous, round, flat. The fruits are flat, the seeds are flat and the edges are set, while other fruits of the same genus are ellipsoids, and the seeds are lenticular. [3]
Amaranth
Amaranth is a shallow water plant of the genus Amaranth. The stem is slender, soft and multibranched, with creeping growth, rooting at nodes, floating on water or born in soil. The degree of change is large, the leaves are ovate, 3 to 5 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide. The upper surface is green with purple-black patches on the edges and the lower surface is purple. Large and obvious, it is the largest flower-shaped species in the genus Amaranth. It has a diameter of about 2.5 cm, is lobed, and the edges of the lobes are whiskers. Hairy, with five glands; five stamens, inserted between lobes, pistil stigma bifid. It is a more special species in the genus Amaranth, with 5 nectaries at the base, stigma 2-lobed, and flakes. Round, not cracking. Cotyledon hypocotyls of seedlings are well developed and stout. Cotyledons oblong, apex pointed, stipitate. The primary leaves are heart-shaped, apex round and obtuse, and the leaf base is heart-shaped. Amaranth is usually dried and returned to green from March to May. It blooms and bears fruit from May to October, and its fruits mature from September to October. The plants bear fruit while blooming, and when it frosts, the water part dies. In warm regions, the grassy period is about 240 days, and the flowering period is about 150 days. Amaranth has a strong regenerative power.

Amaranth growth habits

Amaranth is born in smooth waters of ponds, lakes, ditches, rice fields, rivers or estuaries.
Amaranth
The water depth is 20-100cm; its roots and transverse rhizomes grow in the sediment, and the stems and branches hang in the water, giving rise to a large number of adventitious roots, leaves and flowers floating on the water surface. After the leech, its stems and branches can take root on the mud surface and spread and grow around. It is usually grouped and presents a single dominant community. Amaranth is suitable for humic, slightly acidic to neutral sediments and eutrophic waters, and the soil pH is 5.5-7.0. Aquatic plants often mixed with it include Potamogetocrispus, Charg gpp., MyrioPhyllum sPicatum, CeratoPhllum dermersum, Lemna minor, and SpirodelaPolyrhiza ), Azolla imbricata, Trapa spp., Vallisncria spiralis and Acorus calamus.
Amaranth
Amaranth is usually dried and returned to green from March to May. It blooms and bears fruit from May to October, and its fruits mature from September to October. The plants bear fruit while blooming, and when it frosts, the water part dies. In warm regions, the grassy period is about 240 days, and the flowering period is about 150 days. Amaranth's fertility and regenerative power are quite strong. It reproduces both seeds and rhizomes. After the fruit matures, it cracks on its own. The seeds spread by water flow; the rhizomes obliquely extend into the soil about 10cm, and take root and buds. After overwintering, rhizomes or loquat branches are interrupted, and buds grow independently to develop new plants. It is easy to survive by using its stolons and rhizomes in water or buried in mud. Its regenerative power is also very strong, it can still regenerate after harvesting 3-4 times in the growing season.

Amaranth distribution

Originating in China, it is widely distributed, from temperate Europe to Asia's India, China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea and other regions. It is distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Gansu of China and often grows on the edge of ponds. [4] Used to green the water.

Amaranth cultivation technology

Reproduction :
Amaranth (5 photos)
It can be propagated by branching, cutting or seeding.
Branches : In March of each year, the densely growing plant clusters are divided into small pieces for planting; cutting propagation:
The planting is carried out in the warm season, and the stem is divided into sections, each section being 2--4 knots, and buried in the soil. It is easy to survive, and its roots can be rooted. During the growing period, take 2-4 knots, simmer in shallow water, and take root after two weeks.
Cultivation : Depending on the size of the pot and the congestion of the plant, pots should be divided into pots every 2-3 years. Keep the water in the basin in winter so that you can overwinter by putting the leeward direction. Amaranth is planted in a pool. The water depth is about 40 cm, and the pot water depth is about 10 cm. Ordinary pond mud should be used as substrate, it should not be too fat, otherwise the branches and leaves are lush and the flowering is rare. If the leaves are yellow, a small amount of compound fertilizer or fertilizer tablets can be buried in the pot. Keep plenty of sunshine usually, there must be no shortage of water in the basin, otherwise it will be easy to dry.
Cultivation management : The management of amaranth is extensive, and it is necessary to control aphids during the growing season [1] .

Amaranth governance strategy

Amaranth (5 photos)
Control methods should be combined with agronomic measures and chemical weed control.
(1) Agronomic measures mainly include: first, establishing a rice production environment with smooth land, good water retention, and easy irrigation; second, combining seed treatment to remove weed seeds, and ploughing and land preparation to eliminate weeds on the soil Seeds; the third is to implement regular water and dry rotation to reduce the occurrence of weeds; the fourth is to improve the quality of seeding, sowing the whole seedlings, and pressing the seedlings with grass.
(2) Chemical weed control. Nowadays, one-time blocking is adopted in most places, that is, within 1 to 3 days after sowing (germination), 60 grams of 40% "live seed green" wettable powder is used per mu, and 40-50 kg of water is sprayed evenly. The field plate was kept moist when applying the drug. After 3 days, normal irrigation and field management were resumed. After passing chemical elimination, if there is still a certain amount of weeds in the later stage, you can take supplementary removal methods.
For example, in the field of yarrow and Qianjin, in the 3-5 leaf stage of weeds, 50ml of 10% Qianjin emulsion can be added to 30kg of water, and the stems and leaves can be sprayed by the method. The field must be dried one day before medication, and normal management resumed 2 days after medication.
For example, for sedge and broad-leaf weeds, about 30 days after sowing, the acres are mixed with 10% Mercury wettable powder 20g and 20% dimethyltetrachlorohydrate 150ml, mixed with 30kg of water. Method spray. Water slurry management is the same as above.
For example, weeds in the field can be mixed with 75% 100% of 48% bentazon water solution and 150ml of 20% dimethyltetrachloromethane solution. [2]

The main value of amaranth

Amaranth leaf-shaped water lilies are small and chic, with bright yellow flowers emerging from the water surface and long flowering periods. They are the best product for water embellishment in the garden and beautify the water surface. [1]
Amaranth's stems and leaves are tender and juicy, non-toxic, odorless, and nutritious. Pigs, ducks, and geese all like to eat, and grass carp also eat. Most people in the distribution area like to pick up chopped pigs and poultry. Is a good aquatic green feed. Amaranth grows very fast, its branched stems and branches are woven in water, and the stem can be extended to 1.5m or longer in the year; the yield of fresh grass is quite high, and it can be harvested once during the growing season. 75t. The whole growth period can be harvested 4 times, and can also be used for silage. [1]
Other uses
The whole grass can be used as medicine, which can clear heat and diuretic, reduce swelling and detoxify. The flowers are large and beautiful, and the flowering period is long, which can be used for beautifying and purifying plants. The yield of grass is high and the content of fertilizer is high. It can be harvested before the fruit is ripe and can be used as green fertilizer.
1) Food culture: Su Gong said, "Amaranth raw water has leaves like green and astringent, long roots, and people in Jiangnan eat more."
2) Raw materials of amaranth and mung bean porridge: 30 amaranth flowers, 100 grams of japonica rice, appropriate amount of mung beans, white sugar. Production method (1), wash the mung beans, soak in warm water for 2 hours, wash the rice, wash the stems of amaranth, remove the stalks and impurities, and wash the petals.
(2) Put mung beans into the pot and add water to cook until the beans are blooming. Then add the rice, add an appropriate amount of water, and boil over high heat. When the mung beans and rice are cooked with slow heat, add amaranth flowers and stir. Add sugar to taste and serve.
[Characteristics of the product] Congee, sweet taste, mung bean crispy, floral, refreshing. The function is to clear heat and detoxify, relieve heat and quench thirst. For swelling and lipid reduction, fever and other symptoms. [1]
Introduction of herbs
Amaranth
The whole herb is an antipyretic diuretic.
Medicinal materials harvesting : summer and autumn harvesting and drying.
Medicinal material properties : The whole grass is entangled into a ball. The stem is 1 to 2 m long and 2 to 4 mm in diameter. The surface is brownish green, often densely covered with purple spots, leaves and adventitious roots at nodes. Leaves are shrunk, oval or nearly round, 5-9cm long, 3-6cm wide, dark green or brownish green on the surface, brownish purple on the back, and leathery. Calyx 5-parted, with black fine spots; corolla yellow, 5-parted, with long hairs on throat. Capsule oblong. Light-hearted and light.
Medicinal ingredients : contains protein, fat, vitamin B1, C, organic acid.
Sexual taste : sweet, cold, non-toxic.
Function :
Plant ecology diagram
Clear heat and detoxify, diuretic swelling. For boils, sores, hot showers, astringent urination.
Dosage : 5 to 15 grams.
Elector :
1. Treatment of scabies: fresh grass smashed for external application.
2. Treatment of snake bites: The whole grass smashes the wound.
3 Governance in children: 15 grams of amaranth and 9 grams of buttermilk.

Amaranth plant culture

Amaranth
1. Chapters 2, 4, and 5 of The Book of Songs · Zhou Nan · Guan mentioned that "Stirred Amaranth, which flows from left to right ..." "Staggered Amaranth, which is picked from left and right ..." "Strict Amaranth, from left to right ...", The use of amaranth or left or right floating indefinite metaphors for courtship is not easy, and the season of love between men and women is also explained by phenology. At the same time, the author encourages to seek amaranth with praise, a metaphor of "gentleman" 's pursuit of "lady". Stray amaranth, left and right. Lady, please. -"Zhou Nan. Guan Yan"
2. The "Yan Family Instructions" contains: "Today's amaranth is watery and Huang Hua is a tadpole." The sentence is also a guide to the people, and they must have a clear heart in the world.
3. "Jie Chengtian Temple Night Tour" contains "Algae in the water cross each other, cover the bamboo and cypress shadow also"

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