What is the transcription of protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is a cellular process of creating proteins. Their formulas and instructions on how to produce them are coded in DNA. It is useful to refer to the process in two parts. Protein synthesis synthesis follows the DNA code. The translation of the protein synthesis corresponds to the code with chemical compounds in the cell whose combination becomes a protein. Good analogy is a long strip of twisted zipper. There are two strands made of 5-cellular sugars and phosphates. Their bridges are interconnected by pair nucleotides such as contradictory teeth of closed zipper. Adenin (a) coincides with thymin (t), pairs of cytosine (C) with guanine (g) and vice versa. A critical enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP) then connects to one of the springs and starts a process called extension. It identifies the first nucleotide on the DNA spring template while attracting a free nucleotide that must be paired with it. The RNAP then moves to another nucleotide on the DNA spring and continues to more and more until the ribonucle (RNA) string has been assembled.
RNA is the only spring of unpaired nucleotides capable of maintaining its structural integrity with the addition of oxygen molecules. The RNA chain, which was designed by its polymerase agent, some with more than 2 million nucleotides, is called Messenger RNA (MRNA). Theoretically, the MRNA focuses on the exact duplicate of the unused single spring of DNA, which remained behind. In practice, this is not accurate and transcriptional errors for proteins may also occur.
MRNA is therefore a very long chain of only four different nucleotides. Its sequence is referred to as a transcription. An example is Aagcauugac - four letters, maybe 2 million of them, in a seemingly random order. It is somewhat useful to analogged the life of the carbon as a four -bit biopenticer on a very large scale. Strangely, in RNA, Thymin is replaced by a similar nucleotide called Uracil (U).
as its name suggests, Messenger RNA escapes its imprisonmentin the nucleus of the cell through pores along the nuclear membrane. As soon as it is in the cytoplasm of cells, its fate is to supply the transcription of protein synthesis, copied from the bottom, to structures called ribosomes. Ribosomes are factories for cell proteins and there is a second step of protein synthesis.
The coded sequence of nucleotides must be translated. Ribosome binds to MRNA and in the process of reading its sequences attracts RNA fragments called the transmission rna (TRNA), which will be found and associated with free amino acid specific to its short -term nucleotides. If there is a consensus, thorn and its cargo bind to ribosome. As the ribosome continues to read another sequence and another, in the process also called elongation, the results of the long amino acid polypeptide chain.
proteins that distinguish organic tissue in the form and function are the so -called "building blocks of life". They are built in turn as a chain of different amino acids - DNA translation of code as rewritten by RNA for the most important metabolic task of its guestsTelské cells. However, there is one last step to complete the synthesis of proteins that frustrates scientific understanding. In a process called protein folding, the long chain of amino acids bends, curls, nodes and otherwise compact into its unique structure. While supercomputers had some success in folding protein samples into their right three -dimensional shapes, most protein puzzles were intuitively solved by people with an increased sense for variable spitia dimensions.