What is basal laminate?

Basal laminate is a strong, fibrous and permeable matrix, which acts primarily as a base on which cells can grow in the human body. It also connects the cells together and the basic connective tissue. Basal laminate consists of collagen, glycoproteins and cellular receptor molecules. Two sub -layers, lamina densa and lamina Lucida, are the main parts of the basal laminate, while the basal laminate and reticular laminate form the basal membrane.

There was a wide confusion about structures in the basement membrane and the existence of basal laminate until the pattern with the gear microscope (TEM) occurred. The Tems use a beam of electrons, focused and concentrated by electromagnetic lenses, to penetrate and view tiny details in the ultra -thin part of the tissue. TEM can work on structures as small as 0.2 nanometer (nm), while traditional light microscopes can only work about 200 nm.

Basal lamina is approximately 50.8 nm talkík. It is impossible to see fine details of the basement membrane and solve the existence of the basalLamines in the basement membrane with light microscopy. Tem not only confirmed the existence of basal laminate, but also revealed that basal laminate can be further divided into two layers, lamina densa and lamina Lucida.

Lamina densa and lamina Lucida derive their names from the staining method used to visualize structures in transmission electron microscopy. Stains of heavy metals are used to ensure tissue contrast. Heavy metal stains bind to lamina densa and, when viewed in the Tem, this structure absorbs electrons or is electron dense. The name Lamina Densa is therefore derived from the dense or dark characteristics he takes in the Tem. Lucida means clear and because lamina Lucida is transparent electrons and looks clear in the Tem, this is the opposite descriptive name.

Lamina densa consists of type IV collagen. Type IV collagen is a structure that looks like columns and balls connected. This architectTura creates a strong but open framework for supporting adjacent cells and lucida laminations.

Lucida lamina consists of a cell receptor, integrine and glycoproteins of laminine and entactin. Integrin of deceitial cell surfaces, binding cells together. Laminin and entactin act both as pillows for adjacent cells and for binding molecules outside the cell. Entactin, laminine and integrine molecules of lamina lucids are built in and stand out from open spaces in the collagen matrix Lamina Densa.

Basal lamina is an engineering miracle. It is strong - it supports neighboring cells - but also permeable, allowing to replace it over its surface. It is a good example in the lungs and kidneys.

Alveolar-capialbarier Ara is an important layer of blood and air in the lungs. The alveolar capillary barrier is partially composed of basal laminate. In this barrier, basal laminate provides structural lung support, while also allowing gas exchange such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Basal lamina is also an integral part of the glomerular basal membrane, the outer lining of the glomerulus in the kidneys. Glomerulus is responsible for filtering waste from the blood and its conversion into urine. In the glomerular basement membrane, basal laminate provides architectural integrity of this filter structure and at the same time allows the replacement of blood waste through its surface.