What is cytosol?

Cytosol is a liquid part of the cell that is outside the nucleus and structures covered with membranes known as organelles. It is a gel in which most cell metabolism takes place. About 70% of the volume of animal cells is composed of cytosol, so it is also known as intracellular fluid .

intracellular fluid was originally known as protoplasm in front of cells. Cytoplasm is a more specific term for the cell content of the cell membrane, with the exception of the nucleus. The cytosol is another term . There are ions, small organic molecules and larger molecules such as water -soluble proteins. The concentration of ions inside cytosol may vary significantly from the concentrations of ions inside the cytoskeleton containing a cytoskeletf cell. This may have physiological consequences for the body. For example, the concentration of positive potassium ions is much higher, while the negative concentration of sodium ions is much lower. Cell pumps Negative ions of sodium and chloride from the cell to take themAnaly taken over the excessive amount of water.

There are very few calcium in cytosol. Calcium is a common secondary messenger, transmitting signals from the outside from the cell to intracellular targets that pass signals themselves to molecules to start or end the reactions. The hormone binding to the cell membrane receptor is one of the ways to activate calcium signaling.

Important cellular metabolism takes place in cell membranes, in organelles such as mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, studies with yeast show that most cell metabolism takes place in vcytosol. In it, small molecules are degraded or synthesized to provide building blocks for larger molecules known as macromolecule . Protein is an example of macromolecule and the synthesis of protein occurs in the cytoplasmic matrix.

It seems that the concentration of molecules is very high in cytosol, which leads to to beVu known as macromolecular crowd. This means that the individual molecule has less space to perform its reaction, thus increasing the relative concentration of other molecules. Estimates of protein binding speeds and chemical reactions performed in experimental biochemical tests may not apply to what is actually happening in the cell because of this effect.

There are some large complexes in the cytoplasmic matrix. For example, there are proteases . These are large sets of protein complexes that degrade proteins found in cytosol. Other proteins are also associated with similar complexes of complexes, so they can pass their product directly from one enzyme to another. This makes the overall reaction more efficient and is known as directing .