How many genes are there in the human genome?
Human genome has just over 3 billion pairs of DNA bases encoding 750 MB of information and containing 20,000-25,000 proteins coding genes. This is considerably smaller than the initial estimates of 100,000 or more. The number of human genes appeared with the completion of the human genome project in 2003. Although its aim was to sequencies the human genome, another important task of the project was to determine the number of genes, their location and give an idea of their function.
genes are the most basic unit of inheritance. Variations on genes are called allele. For example, it is assumed that at least one pair of gene pairs determines the color of human hair and depending on the combination of alleles, someone has either black hair, brown hair, red hair, blond hair or other variations between them. Because genetic expression processes are complex, we still have to learn a lot before we know what all 20,000+ genes do and how every feature of people concerns their genetics.
The human genome has only about twice the genes of much simpler animals, such as non -game (round worm) or fruit fly. In fact, a small correlation between the complexity of animals and the number of genes was observed. It is assumed that a larger biochemical variety in the human body above the fruit of the fruit flies occurs, because our genes of the extensive use of alternative haircut, which is a method, with more proteins to synthesize from a single gene. In its most basic form, the gene only synthesizes one protein.
When we continue to analyze the human genome, we can eliminate even more hypothetical genes and narrow into real genes, so it can be even less than 20,000. It has been found that genes are associated with many features of the human body and mind, including size, susceptibility to depression, susceptibility to become overweight, cardiac conditions. Spin and many others. Because the human genome has only been seizedRecently, much more work is needed to find out what all these genes do.