What Is the Tibial Nerve?

It is a continuation of the sciatic nerve trunk and is composed of fibers of the spinal nerves of the waist 4 to 5 and the iliac 1 to 3. In the popliteal fossa, the tibial nerve and the iliac blood vessels accompany, the deep side of the soleus muscle with the posterior tibial artery descends, bypasses the medial malleolus, and is divided into lateral plantar nerve and medial plantar nerve. Its muscle branches dominate the calf muscles and plantar muscles; its skin branches are distributed in the lower back of the calf, the soles of the feet, and the lateral margins of the little toes. The main dyskinesia caused by tibial nerve injury is that the foot cannot be flexed, the varus is weak, and the toe cannot stand. Due to the excessive stretching of the anterolateral muscles of the lower leg, the affected foot was in dorsiflexion and valgus, and a "hook foot" deformity appeared. The area of sensory impairment is mainly on the sole of the foot.

It is a continuation of the sciatic nerve trunk and is composed of fibers of the spinal nerves of the waist 4 to 5 and the iliac 1 to 3. In the popliteal fossa, the tibial nerve and the iliac blood vessels accompany, the deep side of the soleus muscle with the posterior tibial artery descends, bypasses the medial malleolus, and is divided into lateral plantar nerves and medial plantar nerves. Its muscle branches dominate the calf muscles and plantar muscles; its skin branches are distributed in the lower back of the calf, the soles of the feet, and the lateral margins of the little toes. The main dyskinesia caused by tibial nerve injury is that the foot cannot be flexed, the varus is weak, and the toe cannot stand. Due to the excessive stretching of the anterolateral muscles of the lower leg, the affected foot was in dorsiflexion and valgus, and a "hook foot" deformity appeared. The area of sensory impairment is mainly on the sole of the foot.

Chinese name

Tibial nerve

Foreign name

tibial

Location

Large branch of the sciatic nerve at the upper corner of the popliteal fossa

main effect

Femoral supracondylar fracture and knee dislocation

Anatomy of the tibial nerve

Branching, running and adjoining of the tibial nerve:

The main muscle branch of the tibial nerve in the calf is emitted at the 6/8 segment of the calf, and there is almost no muscle branch in the 5/8 to 1/8 segment. The order of each muscle branch is from near to far: medial head of gastrocnemius muscle, lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle, superficial branch of soleus muscle, diaphragmatic branch, posterior tibial muscle branch, deep soleus muscle, long toe flexor branch, long flexor branch . The 6 / 8th section of the trunk passes through the soleus tendon arch and descends between the deep and shallow two layers of the back of the calf; the 2 / 8th section runs between the long flexor and the long flexor tendon of the toe and enters the ankle canal and walks along the toe length Following the flexor tendon and tendon sheath, after entering the plantar foot (1.0 ± 0.4) cm below the medial malleolus, the deep side of the flexor support band is divided into two terminal branch medial plantar nerves and lateral plantar nerves. From the branch height and entry point, it can be seen that the main muscle branches of the tibial nerve are all divided in the 8/8 ~ 6/8 segments of the calf, and no important muscle branches are issued in the 5/8 ~ 1/8 segments.

The tibial nerve divides the medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve below the medial malleolus. The branching site is at the lower edge or far side of the flexor support band, and enters the sole of the foot through the fibrous opening of the proximal edge of the abductor muscle, which governs the sole skin Feel the plantar muscles. The medial and lateral nerves and arteries of the same name accompany the medial and lateral canals below the abductors. The former continues between the abductor and the short toe flexor, the latter continues between the short toe flexor and the plantar quadratus, and then walks between the short toe flexor and the small toe flexor. Some plantar medial and lateral nerve branches are located higher, some above the flexor support band, and some below the flexor support band. From the tibial nerve trunk, 2 to 4 branches are sent to the heel. Among them, 1 to 2 branches support the belt along the subcutaneous fat layer to the plantar fiber fat pad (heel tube) to control the plantar sensation. 1 to 2 branches The periosteal surface runs up to the bottom of the foot into the periosteal area. These branches are dendritic in the heel.