What is neuropeptide y?
In physiology, neuropeptide y (nPY) is a peptide chemical messenger excreted hypothalamus that part of the brain that controls hunger, thirst, fatigue and body temperature. NPY plays a role in various basic processes in the brain, including energy regulation, memory formation and seizures. The main effect of nPY is to support increased food intake and reduced physical activity in response to decreasing blood sugar levels. In addition to increasing food intake, it increases the percentage of calories stored as fat and blocks the receptor signals to the brain pain. NPY also increases the narrowing of the blood vessels.
Injection of antibodies that act against neuropeptide y blocks the urge to eat in rodents. Leptin, naturally occurring suppressing appetite, inhibits the formation and release of nPY. Disruption of coding gene for neuropeptide y in genetically obese mice leads to weight loss or normal weight maintenance. When mice with NPY deficit are reproduced with regular obese mice, the offspring also experiences less obesity. These studies implyNPY in the drive for food and overeating, leading to obesity.
Investigators found that hypothalamus excludes neuropeptide y during emotional stress. In addition to stimulating a stressed individual to eating, Peptide also dampens the reaction of "fighting or flight" and disposes of emotional stress. Changes in the genetic code for expression of neuropeptide Y create changes in resistance to emotional trauma and stress. Many drug companies seek to produce drugs that are binding to NPY receptors to achieve anxiety.
Although neuropeptide has a calming effect, it also disrupts immune defense by linking to the receptor called "Y1". The Y1 receptor signaling inhibits the reaction of the first line of the body. Secondly, the Y1 receptor signaling suppresses the activation of Second Wool of adaptive immune lymphocytes. This finding emphasizes the association of suppressing immune response and higher susceptibility to NPY infection. Probably a firmThe isnost between the times of increased stress and increased susceptibility to infection is caused by increased nPY at these times.
other studies have identified genetic bonds between increased nPY and coronary arteries (CAD). On the other hand, the use of NPY antibodies on atherosclerotic arteries reduces the affected atherosclerotic area by 50 percent. Atherosclerosis are associated with two variants of NPY. The effects of neuropeptide y -inducing arteries and plaque may partially explain a common link between obesity disease and coronary arteries.
neuropeptide Y also plays a critical role in the perception of pain at various places in the central nervous system. NPY and NPY receptors are widely distracted in the arched nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), the brain area responsible for pain processing. Increasing NPY and Y1 receptor binding leads to a reduction in awareness of pain and increased pain tolerance. The substance P is another neuropeptide that carries pain signals to the central nervous system. Neuropeptide y blocks productionEven substances P, and thus its harmful effects.