What is angiotensin?

angiotensin, which is a protein, is part of the Renin-Angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) system, which performs important functions in regulating the balance of fluids and blood pressure in the human body. It has two forms: angiotensin I (AI) and angiotensin II (Ag II). In general, the function of angiotensin is to increase blood pressure.

The creation of AI is caused by reactions between renin, produced by the kidneys and angiotensinogen, produced by the liver. A specific enzyme produced in the lungs, called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), then acts on AI and converts it to Ag II. The first form, AI, usually does not perform any functions in the body, while AG II has numerous effects.

Ag II causes blood vessels to narrow and concentrates a larger blood flow to the vital areas of the body. In the adrenal cortex stimulates the release of aldosterone, which makes the kidneys reabsorb more sodium and maintain water. The stimulus is also a thirsty center in the brain, thus promoting the individual to drink more fluids. It also promotes the release of vasopressin, otherwise known aso Antidiuretic hormone, from the back pituitary. Vasopressin also increases renal fluid retention and reduces urine volume.

Renin production in the kidneys is usually stimulated by low blood pressure or low blood volume, caused by factors such as insufficient intake of salt, bleeding, obstacle or shock. Angiotensin II acts by limiting the blood vessels in the kidneys and other organs, limiting the flow of blood into these areas and diverting a larger blood flow towards the heart and brain. Aldosterone and vasopressin usually contribute to the retention of fluids and limiting urination. Reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys increases as sodium also helps with more fluid retention.

Atherosclerosis caused by the accumulation of cholesterol in Krvideset causes the arterial narrowing. When the arteries supplying kidneys narrow and reduce blood flow, the kidney usually interprets as low blood pressure, thereby activating RAA and eventually increasing blood pressure. PRenal hypertension develops through this mechanism.

Treatment of hypertension often involves the use of ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). ACE inhibitors usually block the effects of ACE on AI, preventing AG II. On the other hand, ARB block AG II before the receptor binding in blood vessels, causing arterial expansion instead of restrictions.