In Chemistry, What Are Sigma Bonds?

A covalent bond formed by atomic orbitals overlapping in a head-to-head manner along the direction of the bond axis (the line connecting the two nuclei) is called a sigma bond. When the bond is formed, the overlapping part of the atomic orbital is cylindrically symmetric with respect to the key axis, and the shape and symbol of the orbit are not changed by rotating at any angle along the direction of the key axis. Because the bond atomic orbitals overlap in the direction of the bond axis when the bond is formed, the maximum overlap is achieved, so the bond has a large bond energy and high stability.

Atomic orbits (electron clouds) overlap along the bond axis (the line connecting the two nuclei) in a head-to-head manner. The overlapping parts of the orbits are cylindrically symmetrical and are distributed along the bond axis. Is the bond. ^[1]

By two same or different

A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond. It has the following characteristics:

1. The bond is directional, and the two bonding atoms must approach along the axis of symmetry to achieve maximum overlap.

2. The bonding electron cloud is distributed symmetrically along the bond axis, and the atoms at both ends can rotate freely along the axis without changing the distribution of the electron cloud density.

3. The bond is a head-to-head overlap. Compared with other bonds, the degree of overlap is large and the bond energy is large. Therefore, the chemical properties are stable.

The covalent single bond is a bond, and the covalent double bond has a bond and a bond. The covalent triple bond consists of a bond and two bonds. ^[1]

pronunciation Sigma