What are the isomers?

isomers are chemical compounds that have the same molecular patterns - which means they are composed of the same number of the same types of atoms - but have different structures or arrangements in space. For example, a Pentan is an organic compound composed of five carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms. Two Pentan isomers include an uncontrolled pentan in which carbons are arranged in a linear chain and isopentan or methylbutan in which four carbons are arranged in a linear chain, while the fifth branches of one of the atoms of the carbon. Both have the same molecular patterns, but the actual arrangements of their atoms differ. Isomers are important because compounds with different structures, even if they contain the same atoms, may have drastically different chemical properties.

Compounds with the same molecular formulas may vary structurally by two ways. First, structural isomers differ in the actual structural arrangement of atoms. Functional groups that make up compounds are connected in different ways and in růof some arrangements. Stereoisomers, on the other hand, are arranged in the same way in terms of the position of functional groups, but differ in their relative positions in space. For example, two molecules may have the same atoms and the same structure, but may also be non -overlapping mirror images of each other and would therefore be isomers.

isomers are very important because different compounds, even if they have the same molecular formulas, can have different chemical properties. This even applies to stereoisomers that are superficially identical. For example, one compound can be an important active component of the drug, while its non -overlapping mirror isomer can be absolutely ineffective or even harmful. Compounds with various arrangements often drastically react in various ways with other atoms and compounds. They may vary in which chemicals react or to extent they react with different chemicalsme.

Many chemical reactions produce a mixture of various isomers - this is especially true for stereoisomers - so chemists often have to use different methods to isolate of a particular isomer they are interested in. Many different methods based on different chemical properties can be used to separate isomers. For example, some compounds with the same molecular formulas can cook at different temperatures, so distillation can be used to separate them. Others respond with different compounds, so chemical reactions can be used to remove one isomer when leaving interest unchanged.