What are mitochondria?

Mitochondria are power plants of animal and plant cells. They transfer Bloodborne NADH and NADPH to ATP (adenosinriposphate), common energy currency of cellular machines. Singular mitochondria is a mitochondrion. It is strongly suspicious that mitochondria comes from early symbiotic cells living in cooperation with other cells. These organelles have their own DNA and evolution has already spent millions of years gradually by transmitting DNA from mitochondria to the cell of the cell, where the rest of the bottom is located. The interior of the mitochondrion, observable under the microscope during coloring, contains a high -folded membrane. These folds are called Cristae. Kristae exist to maximize the surface surface of this membrane, allow high permeability, etc. Mitochondria is one of the few organelles that has a double membrane structure. Its outer membrane uses phospholipid double -layers and proteins to prevent any atomic weight molecules greater than 5000. Special proteins greater than that can achieve PThe mitochondrion interior through the active transport. The inner membrane is most impermeable of all, only allows atoms in and out through active transport.

Mitochondria plays critical roles in many aspects of metabolism and may have specialized functions depending on the cell. For example, in the liver specialized mitochondria procedural ammonia, cellular waste product. When some mitochondria disintegrated due to genetic mutations, the result of mitochondrial diseases.

Mitochondria is unusual because instead of inheriting half of their genetic material from the father and half of the mother, mitochondrial inheritance is exclusively maternal. Instead of two copies of genes, as in the cell nucleus, Mitochondrial genes come in five to ten copies. Although mitochondrion contains about 3000 proteins, its degenerate genome can only encode about 37. MitoChondrial degeneration plays an important role in the aging process and is referred to as one of the seven primary causes of aging. Some therapies against aging therefore propose the "evacuation" of the mitochondrial DNA and move it to the cellular core, which is the process that the evolution began but was not completed.

There are only a few eukaryotic (nucleus-depressing) cells that lack mitochondria-microsporidians, metamonady and archamoebae. The studies have undergone prokaryotic (nuclear-pressure) cells looking for possible current versions of ancient free-floating mitochondrial cells, but mitochondria has so largely developed in eukaryotic cells that they are probably unzanivable from their modern cousins.