What Are Nucleotides?

Nucleotide (hé gn sun) Nucleotide, a class of compounds consisting of three substances, purine or pyrimidine base, ribose or deoxyribose, and phosphate. Also known as a nucleotide. Pentose and organic bases synthesize nucleosides, nucleosides and phosphate synthesize nucleotides, and four nucleotides make up nucleic acids. Nucleotides are mainly involved in the formation of nucleic acids, and many single nucleotides also have a variety of important biological functions, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and dehydrogenase coenzymes related to energy metabolism.

Nucleotide

Nucleotide (hé gn sun)

A class of compounds consisting of purine bases or pyrimidine bases, ribose or deoxyribose, and phosphate. Also known as a nucleotide . Five carbon sugar with

Nucleotides are the basic structural unit of nucleic acids. Nucleotides in the human body are mainly synthesized by organism cells. Nucleotides are widely distributed in the body. The cells are mainly present in the form of 5'-nucleotides. The concentration of ribonucleotides in cells is much higher than deoxyribonucleotides. The contents of various nucleotides in different types of cells are very different. In the same cell, the contents of various nucleotides are also different, and the total amount of nucleotides does not change much.

Nucleotide compounds have important biological functions. They participate in almost all biochemical reactions in the body. It is summarized as follows:

Nucleotides are synthetic biological macromolecules

Can be discussed from three aspects of anabolic, catabolic and metabolic regulation.

It can be discussed from two aspects of metabolic diseases and medicine.

Nucleotide seasoning

Nucleotides such as guanylic acid (GMP) and inosinic acid (IMP) are odorous nucleotides. In addition to their own umami taste, they also improve umami taste when combined with L-glutamic acid (MSG). It is used as a raw material for seasonings and soups.

Nucleotide food additives

Breast milk contains a variety of nucleotides such as uridine (UMP), cytidine (CMP), adenylate (AMP), guanylate (GMP), inosine (IMP), etc., to improve the immune regulation of infants Function and memory play a role. Baby milk powder produced in Europe, America, Japan and other countries are added with trace nucleotides according to the content of breast milk. There are also examples of adding RNA. In 1991, the European Union imposed an upper limit on the level of nucleotides in infant food: 2.5mg, ump1.75mg, amp1.5mg, gmp0.5mg, imp1.0mg per 420kj food. In 2005, the Ministry of Health of China announced on the 15th that the addition of nucleotides in infant formula powder was 0.2 to 0.58 g / kg (based on the total number of nucleotides). China also has patents describing high-energy milk supplemented with nucleic acids or nucleotides, which can be easily absorbed by the body, can promote blood circulation, improve brain function, promote metabolism, anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, strengthen the system, and improve immunity.

Nucleotide Medicine

Nucleotides are used as medicine to inhibit urinary tract inflammation. In the United States, nucleotides are also used as immunomodulators for patients after surgery.

Nucleotide maternal and child supplies

Nucleotides are mostly used in the production of prebiotic glucose, milk powder, rice flour and other products in infant products. Regarding the addition of nucleotides in 2013, there is a new addition standard, which can only be added to milk powder, but not to glucose and rice flour.