What are Some Common Cave Features?

Underground space formed by karst in soluble rocks, also known as karst caves. Caves are a common phenomenon in soluble rock areas, and they are distributed from snow-covered mountains all the year round to below the sea surface. At present, there are more than 160 caves with a length of more than 10 kilometers and 55 caves with a depth of more than 700 meters. For example, the Mammoth cave in Kentucky, USA is 373.38 kilometers long, the Pierre Saint-Martin cave in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain is 1,332 meters deep, and the Kyivskaya cave in Pamir Alle, Soviet Union is 1080 Meter.

Karst cave

The cave is formed by karst water dissolving and expanding along the joints or cracks of the soluble rock layer. According to different water flow properties and forms, they are divided into different types, and each has its own cause.

There are chemical accumulation, flowing water accumulation, biological accumulation, collapse collapse and so on. Among them, chemical stacking is the most noticeable. It has a variety of postures and is full of sights. It is not only the object of scientific research, but also an important tourism resource. According to the causes and morphological characteristics, they are divided into the following categories:

There are cave plants, animals, and microbes, as well as extremely rich fossils.

The temperature in the depth of the cave is similar to the local average annual temperature. Generally speaking, cave temperature changes with cave elevation and latitude. The higher the altitude and latitude, the lower the cave temperature. The temperature of the cave also varies according to the shape of the cave and the number of cave openings: a single cave entrance sloping downward from the cave entrance, cold air sinks to the bottom of the cave in winter, and hot and light warm air outside the cave in summer is difficult to enter the cave. The temperature is lower than the surroundings, and it is called a cold cave. The single-hole cave that rises upward from the opening of the cave keeps warm air in the upper part of the cave, which is difficult to flow. The temperature is higher than the surrounding, which is called a warm cave. Almost all of the caves in nature can detect the flow of air. Some of them blow cool air from the cave in summer, some of them spray hot air outside of the cave in winter, and some of the cave air is periodically sucked in and blown out to form breathing. hole. The air in the cave is relatively clean, there are few bacteria, and the ionization of the air is also very weak. Therefore, many countries have established "cave treatment", which currently mainly treats bronchial asthma, rheumatism and hypertension.

Ancient booze relics in the karst cave of Guizhou ^[4]

Caves are the residence of early humans and the cradle of the earliest culture and art of human beings. To study the origin and development of human beings, the emergence and early development of human culture and art, we must study caves.

Cave accumulation, biology and climate are of high scientific value and require in-depth research.

The strange scenery and pleasant climate inside the cave are important tourist resources. At present, there are thousands of tourist caves in the world, and there are tens of millions of tourists every year. The cave is rich in mineral resources, mainly tin, bauxite, piezoelectric quartz, azurite, mirabilite, and bird droppings. Rare elements such as mercury, tantalum, niobium, uranium, and radium are also related to the cave. There are oil and gas in the buried karst caves.