What is chromosome banding?
Chromosome banding is transverse belts that appear on chromosomes due to different differential coloring techniques. Differential spots lend color tissues to be studied under the microscope. Chromosomes are fibers similar to the long fibers of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which are joined into double helix and consist of genetic information or genes that are arranged across the length of the entire length.
analyze chromosomes under the microscope, must be covered during mediosis or ////////////// mitosis . Mitosis and meiosis are processes of cell division, which are divided into four phases. These phases are profse, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Crytogenetics is the study of cell function, cell structure, DNA and chromosomes. It uses various techniques for dyeing chromosomes such as G-bandwidth, band R, -sm, Q-Banding and T-Banding. Each technical technical technique allows scientists to study different aspects of chromosome patterns. Metaphase is DruHou phases of mitosis. At this stage, the chromosomes are sorted and connected in the middle or their centromers, and each chromosome occurs in the form of x shape.
Before applying the stain on the chromosomes, trypsin , which is a digestive fluid found in many animals. Trypsin begins to spend chromosomes, allowing them to better receive Giemsa. Giemsa The stain has discovered Gustav Giemsa and is a mixture of methylene blue and red acidic dye, eosin. Q-Banding uses quinicrine , which is a mustard-type solution. It creates results that are very similar to Giemsa, but has fluorescent properties.
DNA consists of four basic acids that appear in pairs - Adenin paired with thymin and cytosine with guanine. Giemsa The spot creates patterns of chromosomes with dark areas rich in adenin and thymin. The light areas are rich in guanine and cytosine. These areasThey are replicated soon and are echromatic . Euchromatic is a genetically active area that very slightly stain in the treatment of dye.
reverse zone, or r-bands, creates patterns of band chromosome, which are the opposite of G-Banding. Darker areas are rich in guanine and cytosine. It also sells echromatic parts with high concentration of adenine and thymine.
In the GIEMSA band, the Giemsa stain is used to study constitutive heterochromatin and centromery chromosome. Constitutive heterochromatins are areas near the center of the chromosome that contain highly condensed DNAs that tend to be transcriptionally quiet. Centromere is a region in the very centruchromosome.
T-Banding allows scientists to study chromosome telomers. Telomers are caps that are on each of the chromosomes. They contain recurring DNA and aim to prevent any deterioration.
Once the chromosomes are colored by Giemsa, scientists can clearly see the alternating dark and light chrroMosmo belt patterns that are formed. Counting the number of belts can be determined karyotype cells. Karyotype is the characterization of chromosomes for species by size, type and number.