What Is Materials Science?

Materials science is the science that studies the organizational structure, properties, production processes and use efficiency of materials and their interrelationships, and integrates physics, chemistry, and metallurgy. Materials science is an applied science inseparable from engineering technology.

material science

(In the field of applied sciences)

English name : materials science, materials science is the research, development, production and application of metal materials, inorganic

Materials are substances that humans use to make machines, components, devices, and other products. But not all substances can be called materials, such as fuel and chemical raw materials, industrial chemicals, food and pharmaceuticals, etc., and generally do not count as materials. Materials can be classified in a number of ways. Divided into metal materials, inorganic non-metal materials, organic by physical and chemical properties

The development of human society is marked by materials. One million years ago,

Material is a term that already exists, but material science was proposed in the 1960s. In 1957,

The purpose of research and development of materials is application, and materials must be processed through reasonable processes to produce materials of practical value.

The wide application of materials is the main driving force for the development of materials science and technology. Materials with superior performance in the laboratory do not mean that they can be applied under actual working conditions. Judgments must be made through applied research, and then effective measures are taken to improve them. The determination of the service life of materials after they are made into parts is another aspect of material application research, which is related to safety design and economic design, and to effective use of materials and reasonable selection of materials. Application research of materials is also the basis for failure analysis of mechanical parts and electronic components. Through applied research, you can find regular things in the material, so as to guide the improvement and development of the material.

With the development of high technology, materials science and new materials have been developed in the following areas. Composite materials are the focus of structural material development, which mainly include resin-based high-strength, high-modulus fiber composite materials, metal-based composite materials, ceramic-based composite materials, and carbon-carbon-based composite materials. Surface coating or modification is another type of composite material, which has a large quantity and a wide range, is economical and practical, and has broad development prospects. Functional materials and devices are combined and tend to be miniaturized and multifunctional. Especially the development of epitaxial technology and superlattice theory, so that the preparation of materials and devices can be controlled at the atomic scale, which will become the focus of development. Develop low-dimensional materials. Low-dimensional materials have properties not found in bulk materials. For example, zero-dimensional nano-scale metal particles are electrical insulators and light-absorbing black bodies. Ceramics made of nano-particles have higher toughness and superplasticity; nano-scale metal aluminum has a hardness eight times that of bulk aluminum; Materials of high-strength organic fibers, optical fibers, diamond films, superconducting films as two-dimensional materials have shown broad application prospects. Increase the variety and performance of information functional materials. This mainly refers to semiconductors, lasers, infrared, optoelectronics, liquid crystals, sensitive and magnetic materials, etc., which are the basis for the development of the information industry. High-temperature superconducting materials will continue to receive attention and are expected to reach industrialization at the end of the 21st century. Biological materials will get more applications and development. One is biomedical materials, which can be used to replace or repair various human organs, blood and tissues; the other is biological simulation materials, which simulate the functions of living organisms, such as reverse osmosis membranes. Traditional materials will still occupy important positions. Metal materials have obvious advantages in performance-to-price ratio, technology, and existing equipment, and new varieties continue to emerge, which will still have strong vitality in the future. Polymer materials will also be greatly developed and their performance will be more excellent, especially polymer functional materials are yet to be developed. Engineering ceramics will be developed under conditions of improved performance and reduced cost. Functional ceramics have dominated functional materials and will continue to evolve. The emergence of C60 has opened up a new way for the development of new materials. The use of atom cluster technology may lead to the development of more new materials.