What Is the Connection Between Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid?
Nitric acid is a strong oxidizing and corrosive strong acid. It is a monovalent inorganic strong acid, one of the six major inorganic strong acids, and an important chemical raw material. In industry, it can be used to make fertilizers, pesticides, explosives, dyes, salts, etc .; In organic chemistry, a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid is an important nitrating agent. The hazard symbols are O (Oxidizing agent) and C (Corrosive) [1] . The anhydride of nitric acid is dinitrogen pentoxide (N 2 O 5 ).
- Nitric acid in nature is mainly produced by thunderstorms
- 1. Nitric oxide generation: N 2 + O 2 = lightning = 2NO
- 2. Formation of nitrogen dioxide: 2NO + O 2 = 2NO 2
- 3. The generated nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water to generate nitric acid: 3NO 2 + H 2 O = 2HNO 3 + NO
- 4. some
- Pure nitric acid is a colorless transparent liquid, concentrated nitric acid is a light yellow liquid (dissolved with
- Instability
- Concentrated nitric acid is unstable. It decomposes when exposed to light or heat, and emits nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide produced by the decomposition is dissolved in nitric acid, thereby giving the appearance a light yellow color. [6]
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Nitric acid operation
- Closed operation, pay attention to ventilation. Operations are as mechanized and automated as possible. Operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that the operator wear a self-absorption filtering gas mask (full face mask), wear rubber acid and alkali resistant clothing, and rubber acid and alkali resistant gloves. Away from fire and heat sources, smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Prevent vapors from leaking into the workplace air. Avoid contact with reducing agents, alkalis, alcohols and alkali metals. Handle with care when handling to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may be harmful residues. When diluting or preparing a solution, acid should be added to the water to avoid boiling and splashing. [12]
Nitric acid storage
- Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature does not exceed 30 , and the relative humidity does not exceed 80%. Keep container tightly closed. It should be stored separately from reducing agents, alkalis, alcohols, alkali metals, etc. Avoid mixed storage. The storage area should be equipped with spill emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials. [12]
Nitric acid transport
- Rail tank truck loading, of which lead tank truck is used to transport 98% concentrated nitric acid. Dilute nitric acid should be transported or stored in stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic tank trucks or storage tanks. A small amount is packed in acid-resistant ceramic jars or glass bottles, and the net weight of each jar is 33-40kg. Concentrated nitric acid is sealed with acid-resistant mud, and dilute nitric acid is sealed with gypsum. Each altar is packed in a sturdy wooden box lined with fine cinder or fine slag for transportation. The packaging shall be clearly marked with "corrosive items". Aluminum is an ideal container for nitric acid because it has an oxide film on the surface, which is passivating and economical. Personal protection is forbidden from direct skin contact, and acid and alkali resistant gloves, masks, and other labor protection supplies should be worn during operation. [12]
Human body effects of nitric acid
- Nitric acid is oxidizing and corrosive regardless of its dilute solution, so it is dangerous to humans, and it can cause severe burns if it is splashed on the skin. After contact with nitric acid, the skin will gradually turn yellow, and finally the epidermis that turns yellow will peel off (after contact with nitric acid and protein, it will cause the reaction of the flavan protein and degeneration). In addition, the concentrated nitric acid should be packed in dark glass bottles to avoid the release of toxic NO 2 by light reaction. [12]