What is the connection between nitric acid and sulfuric acid?

nitric acid and sulfuric acid are two of the most important industrial chemicals and are produced in huge quantities. They are connected in several ways in terms of their production and their use. Both acids are vital for fertilizers and explosives and are among the most used laboratory agents. They are also serious pollutants and contributors to acid rain. The nitric acid (HNO _{3 ) was first produced by a distillation salt city with concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 so 4 ). Both chemicals respond to the production of sodium nitric acid and sodium sulfate: h 2 4 + nano 3 → nahso + HNO 3 . The mixture is heated and nitric acid, which is boiled at 181.4 ° F (83 ° C), is produced as steam, which is condensed in the receiver.}

These methods of production have been replaced by a industrial context, but distillation of metal nitrate with sulfuric acid can still be used to produce a small MNitric acid legs in the laboratory. The steam of nitric nitric acid tends to partially decompose into nitrogen, water and oxygen oxide, leading to unclean acid. To obtain pure acid, distillation is performed under reduced pressure, so less heat is required. The device used must be all glass, because nitric acid quickly destroys rubber, cork and most plastics.

Today, nitric acid is commercially produced by catalytic oxidation of ammonia and creates nitrogen dioxide, which is dissolved in water to form acid. Raw acid can be distilled to produce concentrations up to 68.5%, at this point they make up azeotrop with water. This is commercial nitric acid used for most applications and as a laboratory agent. A higher concentration can not be obtained by distillation. Is if the perfect or very highly concentrated nitric acid - often called "regimental acid nitric acid" - requires, mIt can be produced by distillation under reduced pressure with concentrated sulfuric acid that removes water.

The greatest use of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is in the fertilizer industry. Nitric acid is used in the production of nitrate fertilizers that release the basic nitrogen in a form that can be easily absorbed by plants. Ammonium nitrate is one of the most used fertilizers. Sulfuric acid reacts with phosphate rock or bone food to form a "superphosphate" that provides phosphorus, another basic element for plants. This acid is also used in the production of ammonium sulphate, common fertilizer.

Another main industrial application of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is in the production of explosives. Most explosives in military and commercial use are synthesized by the nitration organsic of the compound; In this process, nitro groups are used to replace the hydroxy (OH) groups. The no ₂

+ Ions are provided by Combining Nitric Acid AnD Sulfuric Acid, WHICH REACT AS FOLLOWS: HNO _{3 + 2h 2 SO 4 → H 3 + + No 2}

In some explosives, such as trinitrotoluene (TNT), a mixture must be without water. This can be ensured by anhydrous or "angry" of nitric acid. Alternatively, commercial nitric acid for Olea - produced by dissolution of sulfur oxide (so _{3 ) in concentrated sulfuric acid - so the water is removed by combining with SO 3 to form more sulfuric acid. The second method is generally preferred because oleum is easily made by the same process that produces most sulfuric acid. Nitric acid is relatively expensive for productions, dangerous to transport and prone to decomposition if it is not cooled.}

In addition to industrial applications, nitric acid and sulfuric acid are among the most commonly used laboratory agents. Both are useful in the procedure of requestSingle acids. Sulfuric acid is a powerful dehydration agent that can be used to dry some freshly prepared gases and in responses involving the removal of water from the compounds. It can also be used to release other acids from their salts. Nitric acid is useful as an oxidizing agent, as an intra -agent and is widely used in chemical analysis, especially when identifying metals present in soil and mineral samples.

sulfuric and nitric acid are also the main pollutants and contributors to acid rain. Nitric acid is formed when nitrogen oxide is dissolved in the water, which is found in the exhaust of the vehikul and is naturally produced by lightning. Sulfuric acid is formed in sulfur dioxide - produced by bnurning fossil fuels and naturally volcanoes - reacts with oxygen to form sulfur oxide, which dissolves in water to form sulfuric acid. Despite the natural production of these compounds, they represent artificial sources for most acid rain. Sulf acidIt is a larger contributor because sulfur dioxide is a more common pollutant than nitrogen oxide.