What Is a Migrant Worker?

The problem of migrant workers refers to a series of problems arising from the entry of mainland Chinese peasants into non-agricultural work without changing their identities and being accepted by the city. They are on the edge of industry, the edge of urban and rural areas, and the edge of the system. . Migrant workers are people with rural hukou and contracted land, but who leave the place of household registration and are mainly engaged in non-agricultural industries (a significant part of them are also engaged in agricultural farming in other places. They are regarded as farming households.

The problem of migrant workers

Cultivated idle farmland abandoned in urban development. "Migrant workers" is a discriminatory and contradictory title, but it deeply reflects their "marginal" status. They have land in the countryside but left; they work in the city but do not have an urban hukou and do not enjoy social security; they have made great contributions to the city. Basically, the labor factories are migrant workers. They yearn for the city but are not accepted by the city. , Separated from the mainstream society; The State Council pointed out that the problems faced by migrant workers are very prominent, mainly: low wages and serious arrears; long working hours and poor safety conditions; lack of social security,

Roots of citizens on migrant workers in cities

The root cause of the problem of migrant workers lies in the city government and (

Migrant workers, a special title, an existence that cannot be ignored.

The phenomenon of peasants going to cities to work was born after the reform and opening up. Some peasants left the countryside to work in cities and towns to get wages, mainly engaged in secondary and tertiary industry labor. These people are called "migrant workers" in society. "Peasant workers" is first of all a status symbol, that is, farmers under the household registration system contract collective farmland at home, and secondly it represents a profession, that is, a de facto worker in the city.

According to a survey on "authority", the number of migrant workers in China has exceeded 200 million, and it has become an important part of urban social groups. However, with more people, things start to happen. So all kinds of problems related to migrant workers come. No one hears more than being in arrears of wages, living with hardships, and so on, and those are all happy and cheerful. The scene usually only after they have suffered the grievances. Yes, people say that hardships and hardships, Yuru Yucheng, do the "jade" that migrant workers look forward to have to go through hardships and hardships?

From the village to the city-they started their dream-seeking journey in the city. Dreams are always beautiful, but reality is always cruel. Even if it is not cruel, it is not as beautiful as imagined. I am used to the misery of migrant workers, I am used to the bitterness of migrant workers, and where is the boundless bitter sea?

1) At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, farmers had the right to move to cities freely;

2) In the late 1950s and late 1970s, urban enterprises were strictly restricted from recruiting workers from rural areas, and the development of rural migrant workers was restricted through the household registration system. Due to the implementation of the unified purchase and marketing system and the people's commune system, the right to freely change occupations in rural areas was also deprivation;

3) In the 1980s, "migrant workers" entered a period of in-situ transfer with "leaving the soil without leaving the country, entering the factory but not the city" as the leading mode;

4) In the 1990s, gradually shifted to the period of recognition, acceptance, and encouragement of movement (relocation);

5) After 2000, the era of "people-oriented", equal employment and shared services will be further entered.

The employment of farmers in cities and the conversion of farmers into citizens will accompany the entire process of industrialization, urbanization and the solution of the "three rural issues" in China. Solving the problem of migrant workers is not only an urgent and realistic issue, but also a long historical process. The basic idea should be based on the current, long-term perspective, clear goals, overall arrangements, and gradually advance in stages.

Coordinate urban and rural employment and promote the continuous transfer of rural labor to non-agricultural industries and cities. At present, China has 340 million laborers mainly engaged in agricultural production, and the transfer of rural labor to non-agricultural industries and cities will continue for a long time. The inadequate and unstable employment of rural labor is still an important constraint on the growth of farmers' income. At present and in the future, the difficulty of employment in urban and rural areas will mainly be in rural areas. We must coordinate urban and rural employment, and make accelerating the transfer of surplus rural labor as an important task. First, continue to attach importance to the development of labor-intensive industries and service industries. Within the industry, it is necessary to develop high-tech industries and continuously improve China's technological level and international competitiveness; it is also necessary to develop labor-intensive industries and strive to increase employment opportunities. At the same time, vigorously develop the service industry and give full play to its advantages in absorbing employment. The second is to promote the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, and improve the ability of cities to absorb rural transfer labor. With the extension of the industrial chain and the development of supporting industries, the demand for labor in large cities continues to expand, and it is still the main carrier to absorb the rural population. With the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure of large cities, the development of labor-intensive processing industries and service industries in small and medium cities and towns is expected to accelerate, thereby creating conditions for farmers to move to small and medium cities and towns. Thirdly, while continuing to encourage the surplus rural labor force in the central and western regions to move to the eastern coastal areas, promote the industrial structure upgrade in the eastern coastal areas, encourage the labor-intensive industries in the coastal areas that meet environmental protection requirements to move to the central and western regions, and support township and village enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises The development of enterprises and county economies has created conditions for farmers to move from place to place.

Encourage migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses and promote employment through entrepreneurship. Some migrant workers who have been employed from rural areas in the Midwest have experienced the baptism of market economy and modern industry in different places, and have accumulated certain funds and human capital. They returned home to start their own businesses and became a new force to promote economic development in less developed regions. Especially with the acceleration of the transfer of labor-intensive industries to the central and western regions, the prospects for migrant workers to return to their hometown to start a business are broad. Therefore, while continuing to do a good job in organizing and training rural migrant laborers, they should actively encourage and assist migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses, and form a positive interaction between promoting the export of migrant workers and returning to start businesses. For migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start their own businesses, the policy of respecting entrepreneurship, adapting to the situation, actively supporting and improving services should be implemented. Respect for entrepreneurship is to respect the rights of migrant workers to start their own businesses and protect their legitimate rights and interests. Guidance is to guide migrant workers to comply with national industrial policy requirements and choose the right path for entrepreneurship. Active support is to include the support of migrant workers to return to their hometowns to be included in governments at all levels An important work schedule is that those who return to their hometown after starting business and start various businesses will be encouraged and supported as long as they comply with laws and national industrial policies and absorb a certain number of local laborers; improving services means strengthening service concepts and solving farmers Outstanding problems commonly encountered by workers returning to their hometowns to improve their business environment.

Adhere to equal employment of urban and rural workers and accelerate the formation of a unified urban and rural labor market. In accordance with the requirements of laborers' self-employment and enterprise employment, various restrictions on the entry of migrant workers into cities for employment have been lifted, urban and rural labor forces have been incorporated into a unified employment management service system, and the establishment and improvement of an equal employment system for urban and rural workers has been accelerated to promote urban and rural employment. The formation of a unified, equal competition, and orderly labor market. In order to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers, we must strengthen the construction of the labor market system, promote collective wage negotiations, rationally raise the minimum wage standard, improve the coordination mechanism for labor disputes, establish a platform for equal negotiation between labor and management, and guide and promote harmonious labor relations. Formation.

We will continue to treat migrant workers fairly and accelerate the equalization of basic public services. The needs of migrant workers and their families who have been employed, lived and lived in the cities for a long time, including housing, education, medical care, safety, and entertainment, are taken into consideration in the overall planning and construction of the city to ensure that they enjoy basic public services in the inflow areas. The first is to improve the public service system for inclusive. The inflow areas should eliminate discriminatory policies against migrants and incorporate migrants into local economic and social development planning. The second is that the public service funds required by migrant workers should be based on government financial input and adopt the method of grading financial burden at all levels. At the same time, urge enterprises and stakeholders to assume corresponding social responsibilities and form a benign fiscal investment and cost sharing mechanism. The third is that public services should be tilted toward difficult groups. Public service policies should fully reflect the priorities and preferences for the groups of migrant workers in difficulty, provide them with basic guarantees and development opportunities, and solve their actual difficulties.

Insist on advancing system reform and promote the civicization of migrant workers. Migrant workers are eager to stay and work in cities and towns for a long time. Especially, more and more children of migrant workers are born and raised in the inflow areas, and the demand for localization is very strong. However, the long-established dual social management system of urban-rural separation, expensive urban living and living costs, and still high thresholds for resettlement make it difficult for migrant workers to achieve localization. Migrant workers cannot settle in the city, they have to travel between urban and rural areas, and pay the cost of flow back and forth; they also have to retain contracted land and homesteads in their hometowns, which affects the development of large-scale rural land management, resulting in investment in building homes in their hometowns and being idle all year round. Waste of resources; it is not conducive to the formation of a stable industrial army that continuously accumulates experience and technology, affecting industrial upgrading and the accumulation of human capital and technological improvements in enterprises. Therefore, we should comply with the requirements of industrialization and urbanization, persist in advancing the reform of the system, and promote the civicization of migrant workers. In particular, it is necessary to increase the reform of the household registration system, and promote supporting reforms of administrative and social management systems related to the nature of household registration, such as labor employment, compulsory education, family planning, medical care, and social security, and gradually form a unified identity of migrant workers and urban residents. Institutional system with consistent rights, equal status.