What Does a Geological Mapper Do?

Geological surveying and mapping is a general term for all surveying and mapping work involved in geological surveys and mineral exploration and the preparation of maps of their results.

mainly include

Geological mapping

Geological point measurement: It is the measurement work of mapping the geological point points on the field to the topographic map by some measuring method. According to the different accuracy requirements of the geological work scale and the type of exploration minerals, it can be selected as follows: The legal point is visually determined. When the terrain and feature marks are obvious, according to the features of the terrain, feature and micro-geomorphology, the location of the geological point is directly determined by visual inspection. Calibrate on the base map or use the aerial photo to fix the point and then re-draw the base map; The semi-instrument legal point, when the terrain and features are not obvious and it is difficult to use the visual method, use simple instruments (such as compass) and simple The measurement method is used to calibrate the geological point. The legal point of the instrument is used to calibrate the geological point with a more precise instrument and a higher accuracy measurement method.

Geological mapping

Geological profile measurement: determine the end point of the profile; set control points according to the length of the profile and a survey site at the survey site, perform profile surveys at the survey site, and determine the plane position of the engineering point, geological point, feature point, and landform point in the profile direction And elevations; perform section calculations and draw sections. Including: section alignment measurement, section control measurement, topographic section measurement, section point measurement, section calculation and section drawing.

Geological mapping

Excavation engineering survey (3 photos)

Geological mapping physical and chemical detection

Geophysical and geochemical surveys provide reliable survey results for geophysical and geochemical surveys. The main contents are: arranging the survey network, measuring the plane coordinates and elevations of the survey network points, laying out various profiles for the geophysical survey, and setting the base points, abnormal points, survey networks and Joint surveys of important geological signs and provide the final survey results ^[3] .

Geological Mapping Mine Area Control Survey

The mining area control survey is based on the distribution of ground features and landforms in the entire mining area and the overall planning of the mining area engineering construction. Selecting points with control significance constitute the control network. Using more sophisticated instruments and methods, their three-dimensional coordinates are measured as The next step is the basis of topographic mapping and engineering surveys. The control network is divided into two types: plane control network and elevation control network. The work of determining the position of the control point plane is called plane control measurement. The work of determining the elevation of a control point is called elevation control survey.

China has established a national control network throughout the country. The mining area should be based on the national control network, and according to the size of the survey area, the requirements of urban planning and construction surveys, an encrypted control network should be arranged for topographic mapping and construction stakeout. Mine level control generally uses the form of wire, and elevation control generally uses third-level or fourth-level leveling or external leveling. In addition to the surface control survey, the mine also includes the measurement of the connection between the ground and the mine and the mine laneway control survey ^[4] .

Geological surveying survey network layout

The surveying network layout is to calculate the design coordinates of each intersection of the surveying network according to the azimuth and spacing required by the design, as a survey work based on the positioning of the surveying project. Including survey network survey and survey line survey.

Geological surveying survey engineering positioning survey

The surveying of engineering survey positioning consists of three stages: the initial survey is to place the surveying survey survey designed on the topographic map on the ground, and pile its positioning points to guide the excavation of the project. The retesting is to correct the piles according to the retesting after the earthwork of the engineering platform is completed, to restore the location of the exploration project that was destroyed when the engineering platform was leveled. The fixed survey is to determine the plane coordinates and elevation of the engineering point after the project is completed.

Geological mapping pit exploration engineering survey

Excavation engineering survey refers to the various surveys carried out for the design, stakeout, construction and prospecting of pits. There are mainly tunnel control surveys, tunnel directional and location point surveys, tunnel alignment and orientation surveys, pit traverse surveys, tunnel penetration surveys, and tunnel floor plans.

Geological Mapping Well Prospecting Engineering Survey

Well prospecting survey is the survey work carried out in the vertical and inclined wells and other prospecting projects. Including: ground control survey and topographic survey, wellhead plane position and elevation survey, as well as in-well lead, alignment and depth survey, shaft contact survey, downhole elevation survey and shaft penetration survey.

Geological mapping through survey

Penetration measurement is the measurement during tunnel construction and after penetration. The former is to ensure that the excavated tunnel (or shaft) can pass through according to the design, and generally includes: ground joint survey, underground traverse survey and tunnel excavation survey, stakeout direction and slope, and often check its correctness; the latter After the tunnel is penetrated, the actual transverse, longitudinal, and vertical penetration errors are measured.

Geological mapping

Open pit surveying is a series of surveys conducted during the design and mining phase of an open pit to guide and supervise the stripping and mining of open pit mines. Mainly include: establishing a mine measurement control network and performing mine terrain surveys, line surveys, stope surveys, blasting surveys, dump site surveys, excavation site acceptance surveys, open pit fragmentation surveys, open pit slope stability observations, and mapping Various mine survey maps.

Observation of surface movement in geological mapping

Surface movement observation is the observation work for studying the rock formations and the surface movement law caused by underground mining. Mainly: monitoring the ground surface along the direction of the ore body and the inclination of the excavation area to study the size and distribution of ground movement and deformation; drilling deeper into the rock formation and setting points near the mining surface to observe the internal of the rock formation Movement; observe movement and deformation of building yards, railway subgrades, etc .; monitor the stability of open-pit mine slopes.