What Are the Pros and Cons of Surrendering an Endowment?

Organ donation refers to the voluntary donation of the body by the executor to the medical science cause after death. Or after the death of a natural person who did not indicate his willingness to donate during his lifetime, his or her immediate family members donated all or part of the remains to the cause of medical science.

Organ donation

Organ donation

What is organ donation

Organ donation is when a person is diagnosed

On April 20, 2009, the Provincial Red Cross and the Provincial Department of Health jointly held a kick-off meeting for the pilot work of autologous organ donation in Guangdong Province in Guangzhou. province

Human brain tissue is made up of

What is an organ transplant

1. Accept visits or telephone consultations 2.

Sun Shaoling (Secretary-General of Shantou Red Cross Society)

According to relevant regulations,

In March 2010, the human organ donation system was first piloted in ten provinces including Shanghai, Tianjin, Liaoning, Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Xiamen, Fujian, Nanjing, Jiangsu, and Wuhan, Hubei. April 20, Guangdong Province

Huang Jiefu, Deputy Minister of Health, said in an interview with reporters in 2011 that China is expected to register for organ donation when applying for a driver's license within the year.

At that time, when applying for a driver's license, residents will choose whether they are willing to donate their organs and what kind of organs to donate in the event of death in an accident such as a car accident.

November 22, 2012, Chinese Deputy Minister of Health

Senior Chinese officials take the lead in registering organ donations

On April 2, 2014, Chen Zhu, Hua Jianmin, Li Jinhua, and other senior Chinese officials registered their willingness to donate organs at Peking Union Medical College Hospital to express their support for organ donation with practical actions.

On the eve of Ching Ming Festival, a traditional Chinese festival to remember the dead, on the morning of April 2nd, the National Human Organ Donation Memorial and Publicity Campaign organized by the Chinese Red Cross Association and the National Health and Family Planning Commission was held in the Academic Hall of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Chen Zhu, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Hua Jianmin, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress, and chairman of the Chinese Red Cross, Li Jinhua, vice chairman of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and honorary vice chairman of the Chinese Red Cross attended the meeting. This event. In December 2013, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Leading Party Members and Cadres to Promote the Funeral and Burial Reform" to encourage party members and cadres to donate organs or remains after their death.

At the event site on April 2, 2014, Chen Zhu, Hua Jianmin, Li Jinhua, etc., as senior national leaders, actively responded to the call of the party and the state, registered their willingness to donate organs, and expressed their support for organ donation with practical actions. ^[7]

11-year-old primary school student in Shenzhen saves lives before organ donation

Only 11-year-old Shenzhen primary school student Liang Yaoyi suffered from a brain tumor. Before leaving, he decided to donate a kidney and liver. On June 6, 2014, his wish was fulfilled, and his donated organ saved more lives in 8 hours. In the ICU ward, Xiao Yaoyi had lost consciousness and could not close his eyes autonomously, so the nurse applied a thick ointment to his eyes.

11-year-old primary school student in Shenzhen saves lives before organ donation ^[8]

Because of the pain of brain tumors, he once thought about changing his ideals and wishes. As long as he can recover, he has to be a doctor to heal everyone. Before that, he just wanted to be a big-money boss and be filial to his mother in the future. Unfortunately, he can no longer be a doctor. He decided to donate his organs and donate his body to the medical school, which fulfilled his dream of entering a medical university. The picture shows that after the operation, the doctor pushed Xiao Yaoyi's body out of the operating room and bowed to Xiao Yaoyi and his mother three times. At this time, the mother still covered her face and cried. ^[8]

Organ transplantation in China to stop organ donation for death row in 2015

On December 3, 2014, Huang Jiefu, Chairman of the China Human Organ Donation and Transplantation Committee and Chairman of the China Hospital Association Human Organ Acquisition Organization Alliance (China Hospital Association OPO Alliance) officially announced at the Kunming Conference of the China Hospital Association OPO Alliance that day: From January 1, 2015, the use of death row organs as a source of transplant donors will be completely stopped. Voluntary organ donation after the death of citizens will become the only channel for organ transplantation.

According to Huang Jiefu, about 300,000 patients in China need organ transplants each year, but only 10,000 organ transplants are performed each year. At this stage, the rate of organ donation behind citizens in China is only about 0.6 / 1 million people, making it one of the countries with the lowest organ donation rate in the world. And Spanish citizens have an organ donation rate of 37/1 million people. "It is undeniable that in addition to the traditional thinking that has led to a low level of organ donation in the country, people's concerns about whether organ donation can be fair and just and open have also become a very important part of the difficult development of organ donation in China. the reason."

The data released at this meeting shows that as of December 2, 2014, a total of 2948 donations after the death of citizens and a total of 7,822 organs were donated. "A total of 1448 cases were donated between 2010 and 2013, but there have been 1,500 cases this year." Huang Jiefu said that since 2014, the amount of organ donations has exceeded the total amount of previous years, "I believe that the situation of organ donations will become better and better. "

According to the Jinghua Times, at the 2012 "two sessions", Huang Jiefu, then deputy minister of health, admitted that organ shortage was the bottleneck in the development of organ transplantation in China. Due to the lack of voluntary donations from citizens, death row organs became the main organ transplantation. source.

According to Xinhua News Agency, Huang Jiefu said at the China Organ Transplant Conference held in Hangzhou that voluntary organ donation after the death of a citizen has been launched nationwide since February 2013, marking that China's organ transplantation has entered a voluntary organ donation program. In the new stage of the development of major organ sources, organ donation from death row prisoners is expected to be replaced by voluntary organ donation by citizens.

According to media reports, 38 large organ transplant centers including Guangdong, Beijing, and Zhejiang have stopped using death row organs. ^[9]

Prohibition of organ donation or exacerbation of organ buying and selling on the black market

Among organ donors in China, death donor organ donation accounts for a large proportion, and in 2015 China will completely stop using organs of criminals on death row. Dr. Xiaoyong Wang, an assistant researcher at the Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences, believes that organ donation is a noble act and an enlightened attitude towards life. This kind of behavior demonstrates human nature and gains more practical significance for human dignity.

"Although death row prisoners are very bad criminals, they must be acknowledged that they still belong to society and cannot be deprived of their human rights at will. In other words, depriving the death row of their lives does not mean that they are deprived of their human rights. The former is legal Under the standard and procedure, the latter violates the spirit of fairness and justice of the law. "

In Wang Xiaoyong's view, if the death row prisoner is banned from donating organs, the existing supply-demand gap between organs will surely increase, which may cause a black market for organ trading, which may then trigger a series of social problems. The social cost of solving these problems is huge. Nevertheless, it cannot be considered that the prohibition of organ donation by death row prisoners will bring negative consequences to social stability. It must be seen that the protection of human rights by law is to safeguard the long-term and overall interests of a country, and also the basis for building a society ruled by law. ^[10]

China halts organ donation for death row prisoners

In November 2011, Huang Jiefu once published a blunt statement in the "The Lancet" magazine that China does indeed use death row organs during organ transplant operations. From January 1, 2015, this phenomenon will change. Huang Jiefu has a dream in his mind about organ donation in China. He hopes that China's organ donation system will no longer be criticized, but because of a fair and just distribution system and standard operating standards.

Huang Jiefu: We are working on self-improvement. The work of self-improvement is sometimes painful, because you have to do it on your own, so we must work together to serve the interests of the people and let our organ donation or transplantation systems go to the world stage brightly. ^[11]

As of March 20, 2016, more than 66,000 organ donation volunteers have been registered nationwide, and 6624 cases have been successfully donated, and more than 18,000 patients with organ failure have been treated.

Wang Pei'an, deputy director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, said that in the past 6 years since the start of human organ donation in China, a scientific, fair and ethical citizen's unpaid organ donation system has been established. The annual donation rate per million people has increased significantly compared to 2010. The annual donation ranks first in Asia and third in the world. The system has saved lives on the brink of extinction, and has produced a good response at home and abroad, marking a new chapter in the cause of organ donation and transplantation in China.

Twelve large hospitals including Beijing Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Beijing Shizhentang Hospital issued a joint initiative at the meeting, willing to provide assistance within their ability to organ donors. The hospital's departments and administrative logistics departments provided reasonable coordination for the Red Cross Coordinator Compliance work is supported, and governments at all levels are called upon to establish memorial cemeteries for organ donors, subject to financial and land policies. ^[12]