How do Strokes Cause Neurological Damage?

A minor stroke (Transient Ischemic Attack) usually occurs within hours or days before an outbreak of stroke (major stroke), which is medically called a sign of stroke. The medical term for a small stroke is called transient ischemic stroke. It occurs because a small blood clot blocks a blood vessel and the attack is rapid. Before a minor stroke, there are usually obvious signs. Including sudden articulation, blurred speech, partial paralysis of the body, weakness of the limbs, loss of balance, presbyopia, vision problems, etc. These symptoms can last for minutes to hours. After a minor stroke, most patients will have a major stroke within one or two weeks. If the condition can be treated in time when the minor stroke occurs, the patient's life will be more secure.

Minor stroke

English name: transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Other name: Transient ischemic attack
Disease site: Brain nervous system

The main symptoms: Transient Darkness, Aphasia, Hemiplegia, Paraplegia (numbness), Loss of consciousness
Contagious: Non-contagious

Causes of minor strokes

Hypertensive arteriosclerosis is the main cause of the disease, so it is more common in the elderly according to its pathological changes.

Minor stroke Hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Intracranial hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

1. Aneurysm rupture: (1) congenital aneurysm; (2) arteriosclerotic aneurysm; (3) bacterial aneurysm

2. Vascular malformations 3. Arteriosclerosis 4. Intracranial abnormal vascular network disease 5. Other 6. Unexplained reasons

Second cerebral hemorrhage

1. Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage 2. Bleeding secondary to infarction 3. Tumorous bleeding 4. Caused by hematological disease

5. Caused by arteritis 6. Caused by drugs (anticoagulant thrombolytic agent such as urokinase, etc.)

7. Caused by cerebral vascular malformation or aneurysm 8. Others 9. Unexplained three epidural bleeding four subdural bleeding

Cerebral infarction (carotid system and vertebrobasilar system)

Primary cerebral thrombosis 1. Caused by atherosclerosis 2. Caused by various arteritis 3. Traumatic and other physical factors

4. Hematopathy such as erythrocytosis 5. Drugs 6. Other causes

Dicerebral infarction

1. Cardiogenic 2. Arterial 3. Other (fat embolism, embolus tumor, parasite, phlebitis, phlebitis, etc.)

Triple lacunar infarction

Tetravascular dementia

Five others

transient ischemic attack

One carotid system, two vertebrae, and one basilar artery system Insufficient blood supply to the brain Hypertensive encephalopathy

Intracranial aneurysm-Congenital aneurysm and Arteriosclerotic aneurysm

Three bacterial aneurysms and four traumatic pseudoaneurysms

Five others

. Intracranial vascular malformations-cerebral arteriovenous malformations, two cavernous hemangiomas, and three venous malformations

Minor stroke Four Galen venous tumorsFive internal carotid cavernous sinus fistulaSix capillaries

Intracranial-extracranial vascular arteriovenous malformation

Nine other

Iliac cerebral arteritis-infectious arteritis and aorta (aortic arch syndrome)

Three diffuse lupus erythematosus, four nodular polyarteritis, five temporal arteritis

Six-occlusive thrombovascular heptospira arteritis

Eight others

Cerebral arterial steal syndrome X Intracranial abnormal vascular reticulosis Intracranial venous sinus and cerebral venous thrombosis

One cavernous sinus thrombosis, two superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, three straight sinus thrombosis, four transverse sinus thrombosis

Five others

Cerebral arteriosclerosis

Symptoms of small stroke

Some aura symptoms such as crooked eyes, sudden headache, slurred speech, and fever all over the body may occur within hours or even a month before the occurrence of cardio-cerebral vascular disease. These aura symptoms are called minor strokes, indicating heart and brain Vascular diseases are forming, and some measures must be taken in time. The possible aura symptoms are as follows:

Small stroke mouth squinted

Suddenly the eyes and mouth are skewed, the corners of the mouth are drooling, the speech is unclear, the words are difficult to pronounce, the aphasia or speech is unsatisfactory, the swallowing is difficult, the limb is weak or the movement is not flexible, walking is unstable or suddenly falls.

Minor stroke headache dizziness

Sudden onset of severe headache, dizziness, and even nausea and vomiting, or headache and dizziness are different in form and feeling than in previous days, the degree is worse, or from intermittent to persistent.

Numbness of small stroke limbs

Numbness of the face, tongue, lips, or limbs, and some manifestations of haze in front of the eyes or temporarily unable to see things, tinnitus or hearing changes.

Minor stroke disturbance of consciousness

Impaired consciousness, showing a lack of energy, always wanting to sleep or being groggy all day. Personality is also uncharacteristic, suddenly becoming dumb, with an indifferent expression, sluggish action or multilingual irritability, and sometimes a brief loss of consciousness.

Small stroke, fatigue, vomiting

Fatigue, weakness, sweating, low fever, chest tightness, palpitations or sudden snoring and vomiting.

The symptoms of these minor strokes do not necessarily all appear, but as long as one of the aura symptoms appears, it is a stroke warning for middle-aged and elderly people, so be especially vigilant. At this time, the patient should be kept quiet, rest in bed in time, avoid mental stress, move as little as possible, it is best to treat on the spot, and rush to the hospital after a simple treatment to avoid panic.

Clinical manifestations of minor stroke

The clinical manifestations of TIA are as follows:

1. Internal carotid artery system TIA: vascular supply limit of the internal carotid artery system and anterior brain 3

/ 5 structure. Motor dysfunction is the most common, and its main manifestations are weakness, awkwardness, and inconvenience of the contralateral limb

Minor stroke Not flexible. Especially the upper arm, sometimes involving the face, legs, or the entire body, can occur individually or simultaneously. It is usually described as "sinking," "dying," or "immobilized." The manifestations of sensory dysfunction are mainly the tingling sensation of the lateral tongue or facial needle, which can also be seen in the numbness of the limb on the same side, but in general, the symptoms of the limb are often negative manifestations of damaged brain tissue, rather than Positive manifestations caused by irritating lesions such as epilepsy; if the patient only presents with unilateral limb sensation or (and) dyskinesia, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish from the TIA pushing the basilar artery system because of the movement and sensory pathways, The two vascular systems supply different parts of it. This requires understanding the specific physiological functions of the brain regions that are dominated by the blood vessels of the two systems. Some advanced cortical functions in the brain tissue dominated by blood vessels of the carotid system, such as speech function. However, it is difficult to speak acutely, and the TIA of the two vascular systems is sometimes difficult to distinguish. Body image disorders often indicate anterior circulation disorders leading to focal ischemia in the posterior parietal lobe. However, other advanced cortical functions, such as apraxia and cognitive impairment, require special neuropsychological examination methods, so they are not suitable for clinical use. Monocular vision impairment with contralateral limb symptoms suggestive of carotid system TIA. The carotid arteries provide blood circulation to the eye, and the lesions cause paroxysmal melanoma, but the same direction blindness can also cause vision loss, and attention should be paid to identification. Simultaneous loss of motor or sensory function at the same time suggests brain stem ischemia. The sudden occurrence of binocular blindness in the elderly is often indicated by double occipital lobe infarction. Patients with TIA are difficult to find residual positive signs at the time of the doctor's consultation. If the doctor discovers the onset, they can find positive signs consistent with the symptoms (including long bundle signs or signs of damage to the local nuclear nucleus). and. Other examinations of the blood vessels may reveal possible causes of TIA, such as a murmur at the carotid bifurcation indicating carotid stenosis, but severe stenosis or obstruction, but no murmur. Examination of the fundus sometimes reveals pillars flowing through the retinal vessels, which confirms that the TIA is caused by microemboli.

Minor stroke 2. Vertebral-basal artery system TIA: Symptoms Vertebro-basal artery ischemia, mainly involving the brainstem, occipital lobe, and medial frontal lobe. The diagnosis of vertebral-basal artery system TIA is not easy, and its abnormalities can be seen as follows: dizziness, ataxia, diplopia, dysphagia, dysphagia, dysphagia, fall attacks, unilateral or bilateral vision loss, transient Whole brain amnesia, unilateral or bilateral numbness, unilateral or bilateral sensation

Loss, hemiplegia or bilateral limb paralysis, even quadriplegia, memory impairment, etc. However, advanced cortical dysfunction (such as neglect, apraxia, etc.) that belongs to the occipital occipital lobe is not included in clinical observation items because it can be found only through special neuropsychological examination. In most cases, it is difficult to make a clear local diagnosis of isolated symptoms, and it often takes several symptoms to occur at the same time. Dizziness is the most common symptom of push-basal artery ischemia, however, it is actually more common in physical disorders or lesions in the peripheral organs of the vestibule. Vision loss is the second most common symptom. Dizziness should be distinguished from dizziness, syncope, confusion, and "light hair". Dizziness is an illusion of movement in itself or the surrounding environment. Only dizziness combined with other brainstem or occipital lobe dysfunction is considered for diagnosis of TIA (but in fact, sometimes simple vertigo can also find corresponding new ischemic lesions on the head MRI). Sometimes dizziness and ataxia are difficult to distinguish. Lesions that occur in the brainstem have some special symptoms, such as relapse, difficulty swallowing, and a fall attack. Diplopia is the most useful symptom of nerve damage in the brainstem; acupuncture and numbness in the face and mouth can also occur, which may be accompanied by sensory and motor symptoms of the opposite limb (cross sensory dyskinesia); bilateral sensation Loss, or the occurrence of hemiplegia on different sides in different episodes, often suggests an attack of vertebral-basal artery TIA; deafness and tinnitus are uncommon.

Minor stroke auxiliary examination

1. Head CT: The main purpose of head CT is to identify other things that may cause TIA-like manifestations in the skull.

Minor stroke The nature of structural lesions, such as tumors, chronic subdural hematomas, giant aneurysms, vascular malformations, small hemorrhages in the brain, etc.

2. Head MRI and new magnetic resonance technology. Head MRI is significantly more sensitive than head CT in detecting ischemic lesions in the brain, especially when brain stem ischemic lesions are found.

3. SPECT and PET examination of the head: SPECT is the basic principle of image reconstruction. The biological process of radioactive tracer is used. After the radioactive tracer is injected into the blood circulation, it is distributed according to cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism. The technology performs tomography and reconstruction to achieve the purpose of understanding cerebral blood flow and brain metabolism. SPECT found that the cerebral blood flow reduction area was earlier in the TIA than CT and MRI in the head. PET is a method for measuring local cerebral blood flow and local cerebral metabolic rate using CT technology and dispersive radionuclides. PET is currently the most effective tool for studying cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism monitoring in the pathophysiology and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

4. Cerebrovascular imaging examination includes traumatic cerebral angiography and non-traumatic cerebral angiography.

(1) Arterial angiography is the gold standard in cerebral angiography. A commonly used technique is transfemoral angiography. Cerebral angiography in patients with TIA is mainly characterized by large arterial walls (internal carotid and intracranial arteries) and atherosclerotic lesions in the lumen, such as ulcerative plaques, stenosis, and complete occlusion. . The positive rate of angiography is 40% to 87%, mainly in the extracranial segment of the carotid artery and the vertebral artery.

(2) Non-invasive cerebrovascular examination including magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), spiral C

Minor stroke T. Digital subtraction cerebral angiography (DSA). Compared with the arterial angiography, the above examination method is obviously inferior to the latter in terms of sensitivity and specificity. But its advantages of non-traumatic, repeatability and simplicity are also obvious, and when combined with Doppler technology, it can greatly improve the reliability of cerebrovascular examination.

5. Non-invasive cerebrovascular examination includes transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), carotid dual function Doppler ultrasound, and transesophageal Doppler ultrasound.

6. Laboratory examinations include hematological examinations, blood biochemical examinations and special examinations (such as immunological examinations).

7, other examinations such as cervical spine can find the impact of the cervical spine on the vertebral artery.

Diagnosis of minor stroke

TIA lacks diagnostic criteria and routine assessment methods. Due to their different medical history and symptoms, it is impossible to determine

Minor stroke Establish best routine inspection procedures. For patients over 50 years of age who cannot be identified for the first time, we recommend the following diagnostic procedure. The first step should be a comprehensive examination: whole blood and platelet counts; blood lipids, blood glucose and even glucose tolerance; prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time; erythrocyte sedimentation; ECG, TCD, CT or MRI of the skull. The second step is to identify the cause. Transthoracic or esophageal echocardiography, MRA, cerebral angiography, and anti-phospholipid antibodies (APAs) and anti-cardiolipid antibodies (ACAs) can be used to screen the prethrombotic state. Protein C, Inspection of protein S, antithrombin III, and thrombin time.

Clues to early diagnosis (1) The following conditions suggest that the internal carotid artery system has weakened or undetectable carotid pulsation and the superficial temporal pulsation disappears (common carotid artery); orbital murmurs; limitations at the common carotid bifurcation Sexual murmurs; decreased retinal arterial pressure (normal eye difference <10%); emboli on fundus examination. (2) The following conditions suggest the vertebral-basal artery system: symptoms caused by sudden changes in posture, head extension or rotation, and upper limb movement; orthostatic hypotension; lower blood pressure compared to the patient's age, and systolic blood pressure difference between the two upper limbs 20mmHg or more.

Differential diagnosis of minor stroke

1, focal epilepsy: seizures are often irritating symptoms, such as convulsions, tingling symptoms, and often expand according to the functional area of the cortex. Focal epilepsy in elderly patients is often symptomatic, and organic lesions can often be found in the brain. Past history of epilepsy or obvious abnormalities in EEG (such as epilepsy waves, etc.) can help identification.

2. Migraine with aura: Its aura is easy to be confused with TIA, but it usually occurs in adolescence and often has a family history. The onset is mainly autonomic symptoms such as migraine headache and vomiting. Focal neurological deficits are rare. Each episode may take longer.

3, inner ear vertigo: dizziness, tinnitus, vomiting. Apart from nystagmus and ataxia, there are few other signs and symptoms of neurological impairment. The duration of the attack is longer, which can exceed 24 hours, and there is often a persistent hearing loss after repeated attacks. Generally younger onset (eg Meniere's disease). Inner ear vertigo is also seen in benign positional vertigo.

4. Fainting: It is also a transient episode, but it is often lost consciously, the focal nerve function is damaged, and the blood pressure is too low during the episode.

5. Intracranial space-occupying lesions: Occasional lesions such as intracranial tumors, brain abscesses, and chronic subdural hematomas may cause transient neurological damage in the early stage or when the blood vessels are affected by the lesions. However, detailed examination can reveal positive signs of the nervous system, and long-term follow-up can show that symptoms gradually increase or increase in intracranial pressure, and brain imaging and angiography can help identify.

6. Ophthalmic diseases: optic neuritis, glaucoma, retinal vascular disease, etc., sometimes similar to the symptoms of ischemia of the internal carotid branch of the eye due to sudden visual disturbances (ie, paroxysmal haemorrhage), but mostly without other focal neurological impairment .

7. Transient global amnesia (TGA): It often occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, and anterograde amnesia occurs during the attack, usually accompanied by retrograde amnesia. The retrograde amnesia can be traced back to weeks, months, or even more. long. Each episode lasts for several hours, after which the patient regains memory and can recall the past, but will always forget the memory of the episode. Except for some headaches, nausea, and confusion, the patient was well aware and had no other neurological symptoms. Patients can go about their daily lives and even drive, but they may ask the same question repeatedly because of anterograde amnesia. Often the above phenomena need to be distinguished from wishful thinking, amnesia of alcoholism, or partially complicated epilepsy. The prognosis of the disease is very good, although it can recur, but there is no danger of causing more severe cerebrovascular disease. This is different from other cerebral ischemia.

8. Unexplained falls often affect middle-aged and elderly women, and they always occur when walking. There are no threats before the attack, no unconscious loss, and no limb weakness. It can recur, or disappear mysteriously. The cause of the attack is unknown and there is no serious prognosis. Sudden weakness in both lower limbs can be seen in brain stem ischemia, when the anterior cerebral arteries are blocked by blood from the internal carotid artery on the same side.

9. Psychological factors: Severe anxiety disorders such as rickets, hyperventilation syndrome and other neurological disorders are sometimes similar to TIA. Attention should be paid to identifying them, and to avoid misdiagnosing transient ischemic attacks as neurosis.

Small stroke disease treatment

About 1/2 to 3/4 of patients with minor stroke develop cerebral infarction within 3 years. After treatment, the stroke can be stopped or reduced, accounting for 79.6%, and only 20.38% of the authors stop the treatment without treatment. Therefore, a small stroke should be actively treated

Minor stroke Treatment, reduce blood viscosity, adjust the hypercoagulable state of blood, control and maintain blood pressure within the normal range, terminate and reduce small strokes, and prevent or delay the occurrence of cerebral infarction.

1. Antiplatelet aggregation therapy is mainly to inhibit platelet aggregation and release, so that it cannot form microthrombus. These drugs are safe, simple, and easily accepted by patients. Enteric-coated aspirin is commonly used, 50 to 100 mg, once a day; persantin is 50 to 100 mg, 3 times a day.

2. Expansion treatment of low-molecular-weight dextran and 706-generation plasma has the effects of dissolution, improvement of microcirculation, and reduction of blood viscosity. Low-molecular-weight dextran or 706-generation plasma is usually administered in 500 ml intravenous infusions once daily for 14 days.

3. Anticoagulation therapy If the patient has frequent seizures, and other drugs are not effective, and there is no contraindication to bleeding disorders, anticoagulation therapy can be used. Such as heparin can be used in ultra-small doses of 1500 ~ 2000 plus 5% ~ 10% glucose 500 ml intravenously, once a day, 7 to 10 days for a course of treatment. Can be repeated if necessary, the interval between treatments is 1 week, but during the application, pay attention to bleeding complications.

Sodium alginate is a new type of heparin-like drug, which can reduce fibrinogen and factor related antigens, prolong prothrombin time, and has anticoagulant, thrombolytic, lipid-lowering and viscosity-reducing effects. Can be taken orally orally, 50 to 100 mg orally 3 times a day; 2 to 4 mg intravenously plus 500 ml of 10% glucose, 20 to 30 drops per minute, 10 days is a course of treatment, and 2 to 3 courses can be combined .

4. Vasodilator therapy can be selected from Betadine, Ceramazine, Sibilin, Xidezhen, Kalan tablets, etc. Commonly used doses: 10 mg of betadine, 3 times daily; 25 mg of cerebrazine, 3 times daily; 6 mg of cibilin, twice daily; 3 mg of Xidezhen, 3 times daily; caran tablets 5 mg, 3 times a day, orally.

5. Chinese medicine salvia, Chuanxiong, peach kernel, safflower, etc., have the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, improving microcirculation, reducing blood viscosity, and have certain effects on treating small strokes.

In patients with intracranial arterial stenosis confirmed by cerebral angiography or Doppler, surgical treatment can be considered when drug treatment is not effective.

Treatment of minor stroke rehabilitation

Experimental and clinical studies have shown that due to the plasticity of the central nervous system, there is the possibility of functional reconstruction during the recovery process after brain injury.

At present, it is believed that patients with physical disorders caused by stroke can significantly reduce or reduce the sequelae of paralysis after formal rehabilitation training. Some people regard rehabilitation as particularly simple, and even equate it with "exercise". They are eager to achieve success and often do more with less. Causes joint muscle damage, fractures, shoulder and hip pain, increased spasms, abnormal spasm patterns and abnormal gait, as well as foot drop, varus and other problems, namely "misuse syndrome".

Inappropriate muscle training can aggravate the spasm, and proper rehabilitation training can alleviate this spasm and make the body movements coordinate. Once the wrong training method is used, if repeated gripping is performed repeatedly with the affected hand, the flexor synergy of the affected upper limb will be strengthened, and the muscle spasms responsible for joint flexion will be aggravated, resulting in elbow flexion, wrist pronation, and flexor fingers Malformation makes it more difficult to restore hand function. In fact, limb dyskinesia is not just a problem of muscle weakness. Uncoordinated muscle contraction is also an important cause of motor dysfunction. Therefore, one cannot mistake the rehabilitation training as strength training.

The purpose of treatment during the recovery period is to improve the symptoms such as dizziness, headache, numbness of the limbs, and unfavorable language so as to reach the optimal state; and reduce the high recurrence rate of stroke.

1. Scientific and accurate medication to prevent recurrence of cerebral infarction

Stroke is a chronic cerebrovascular accident with high recurrence and irreversibility. After discharge, the patient still needs to take medication according to the doctor's instructions to control basic lesions of arteriosclerosis such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, and visit the hospital regularly for review.

2. Start rehabilitation early and aggressively

As mentioned before, after the formation of stroke, there will be many sequelae, such as monoplegia, hemiplegia, aphasia, etc. The effects of drugs on these sequelae are very limited, and through active and regular rehabilitation treatment, most patients can achieve life Take care of yourself and some can return to work. Those with the best conditions can go to a regular rehabilitation hospital for systematic rehabilitation. If you can't go to the rehabilitation hospital for various reasons, you can buy some books and videotapes from related parties and do it yourself at home. Rehabilitation should be carried out as early as possible. It is the best time to recover within 6-12 months after the illness. Due to muscle atrophy and joint contracture that has occurred after half a year, the recovery is more difficult, but it will also help.

3. Daily training

Many previous habits were broken after the illness. In addition to training the affected limbs as early as possible, attention should be paid to developing the potential of healthy limbs. Patients with right hemiplegia who are accustomed to using the right hand (right-handed) should train their left hand to do things. Clothes must be loose and soft, and special patterns can be sewn according to special needs, such as zippers on the sleeves of affected limbs to measure blood pressure when going to the doctor. When dressing, first wear the paralyzed side, then wear the healthy side; when undressing, remove the healthy side first, and then the affected side.

4. Face reality and adjust emotions

As the saying goes, "Illness is like a mountain fall, and Illness is like a shred." This statement is more appropriate for cerebrovascular patients. Facing the fait accompli, we should adjust our emotions and actively recover to return to society as soon as possible. Patients with severe emotional disorders can ask a doctor for help. The use of antidepressants, such as Prozac, has a good effect on depression and anxiety after cerebrovascular disease.

5, functional recovery care of sequelae

(1) Unfavorable language: Patients with language disorders are more anxious and painful. Medical staff should contact patients more, understand the patient's pain, keep patients comfortable, and eliminate tension. Patients must be induced and encouraged to speak as early as possible, patiently correct pronunciation, from simple to complex, such as "e", "ah", "song", etc., repeatedly practice and persevere. And cooperate with acupuncture points such as dumb door, Tongli, Lianquan, which will help to improve and restore language function.

(2) In the acute phase of care for limb dysfunction, care should be taken to place the paralyzed limb in a functional position to prevent contracture deformities of the limb, and most of the supine and lateral positions are used. When the patient's condition is stable, use a home-based limb movement rehabilitation instrument to guide and assist him in functional exercises. Starting from simple flexion and extension, he needs to be active, reasonably moderate, and avoid damage to muscles and joints, 2 to 4 times a day. 5 to 30 minutes each time. And with drug treatment, massage the affected limb, acupuncture Quchi, Hegu, Zusanli and so on. Instruct patients to frequently soak the affected limb with hot water to promote their blood circulation.

(3) Skewed corners. Commonly affected clinically, the eyelids are incompletely closed, the corners of the mouth are drooping, the forehead cannot be wrinkled, the eyes are closed, the gills, and the whistle are blown. Patients often develop negative emotions and lose confidence in treatment. The nurse should be sympathetic and caring for the patient, and give spiritual encouragement in order to gain trust and relax his emotions. The diet should be easy to digest, nutrient liquid or semi-liquid diet. With acupuncture car, floor, Yingxiang, Sibai. Encourage patients to do more eye, mouth, and face exercises, and often massage the part.

Small stroke disease prevention

1. Primary prevention (refers to the prevention of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis before stroke does not occur).

2. Carefully manage blood pressure. People who have a family history of stroke and other vascular risk factors stop smoking, stop drinking, and regularly check platelet aggregation.

3. Secondary prevention (refers to prevention of recurrence after stroke). Mainly take antiplatelet aggregation drugs, while carefully looking for risk factors for stroke in patients.

4. Appropriate control of fat intake, avoid salty and sweet diet.

Development of small stroke disease

Cerebral infarction prone to minor stroke within 5 years

In China, there are about 5-6 million stroke patients, 75% of whom have lost their ability to work to varying degrees, and about 40% are severely disabled. In terms of human health, the impact of a stroke on a person is equivalent to a "strong earthquake" in the human body, and a small stroke is like a white light before the earthquake and a warning signal of cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, if a minor stroke occurs, early, timely, and effective diagnosis and treatment is the key to preventing it before it happens and preventing stroke hemiplegia.

A small stroke is a bright yellow card for health

A minor stroke is a transient ischemic attack, also called a minor stroke, caused by ischemia of the brain tissue. In a very short period of time (such as 2-3 minutes), the patient develops numbness in the whole body, numbness and heaviness in one hand and arm, inconvenience in walking, and symptoms of unfavorable speech and slurred speech. However, these reactions are transient, and resolve spontaneously within 24 hours after onset, and there are no obvious sequelae.

Symptoms of a minor stroke are fleeting, and the duration of the attack may be extremely short. Many people fail to pay attention to it, and think that the symptoms have disappeared. However, they do not know that a minor stroke is a warning sign of stroke. Causes a stroke. According to statistics, 50% of patients have at least one cerebral infarction within 5 years after the occurrence of a minor stroke. If they are not diagnosed or treated properly, 10% of them occur within 90 days after the onset of a minor stroke.

Minor strokes are "stereotyped"

According to the location where cerebral blood vessels supply brain cell blood, the clinical manifestations of minor strokes have a fixed pattern, showing two sets of symptoms. One group is a manifestation of the internal carotid artery blood supply system, that is, transient darkening of the short-term ischemia of the ophthalmic artery, which is relieved in a short time; the limbs that have accumulated to one hand and arm are numb and heavier, walking is inconvenient, and language can appear Unfavorable and slurred symptoms. The other group is the performance of the vertebrobasilar blood supply system. The symptoms are blurred vision, vomiting, unstable walking, dysphonia, difficulty swallowing, and sudden falls.

After the first stroke, patients often experience recurrent attacks. Some patients can have seizures several times a day, and once every few months.

Establish a treatment plan 48 hours after a minor stroke

According to the internationally recognized diagnostic standards, the duration of neurological dysfunction caused by minor stroke should not exceed 24 hours. But in fact, as long as the symptoms last more than 1-2 hours, most patients can have the consequences of cerebral infarction.

Due to the high incidence of cerebral infarction events after minor stroke, a reasonable etiology detection and treatment plan must be established within 48 hours. If the patient has acute neurological dysfunction and the possibility of recurrence of a minor stroke exists, hospitalization diagnosis and treatment are needed if necessary.

"Five Essentials" Away from the Threat of Stroke

Cerebrovascular accidents cannot be prevented. Experts emphasize that prevention is the only way to stay away from the threat of stroke. Every aspect of daily life must be taken seriously. The main points are as follows:

First, timely treatment of diseases that may cause stroke, such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperviscosity, obesity, cervical spondylosis, etc. High blood pressure is the most dangerous factor in the occurrence of stroke. It is also a central part of stroke prevention. It is necessary to effectively control blood pressure, adhere to long-term medication, and observe blood pressure changes for a timely treatment.

Second, pay attention to the aura signs of stroke, such as dizziness, headache, numbness, lethargy, and abnormal personality. Once a minor stroke occurs, you should go to the hospital for treatment.

Third, eliminate stroke-causing factors, such as mood swings, excessive fatigue, and excessive force. Pay attention to psychological prevention, keep the spirit happy, and emotional stability. Promote a healthy lifestyle, regular life and rest, maintain smooth stool, and avoid sharp rises in blood pressure caused by forced defecation, leading to cerebrovascular disease.

Fourth, the diet should have a reasonable structure, with low salt, low fat, and low cholesterol. It is appropriate to eat more soy products, vegetables and fruits, and quit smoking, drinking and other bad habits. Eat fish at least three times a week, especially those rich in omega-3 fatty acids, or take deep-sea fish oil. Omega-3 fatty acids can regulate the state of the blood, make blood less likely to form clots, and prevent cerebral infarction.

Fifth, outdoor activities (especially the elderly) should keep warm. Should gradually adapt to the ambient temperature indoors, adjust the indoor air-conditioning temperature, should not be too high, to avoid the sudden transfer from a higher temperature environment to a lower temperature outdoor.

In addition, stroke patients should pay more attention when they go out to prevent falls; daily activities such as getting up, lowering their shoes and tying laces should be slow; bathing time should not be too long.