How Does Cancer Spread?

Cancer cell proliferation process: Cancer cells will encounter many difficulties during the metastasis process. First, they must undergo dozens of mutations, and then they must overcome the adhesion between cells to escape and change shape to pass through dense connective tissue. After successfully escaping, the cancer cell will enter the blood through microvessels, where it may also be attacked by white blood cells. Cancer cells will then enter a new organ through microvessels (now called "micrometastases").

Cancer cell spread

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Cancer cell proliferation process: Cancer cells will encounter many difficulties during the metastasis process. First, they must undergo dozens of mutations, and then they must overcome the adhesion between cells to escape and change shape to pass through dense connective tissue. After successfully escaping, the cancer cell will enter the blood through microvessels, where it may also be attacked by white blood cells. Cancer cells will then enter a new organ through microvessels (now called "micrometastases").

Scientists point out that cancer cells will encounter many difficulties in the process of metastasis. First, they must undergo dozens of mutations, and then they must overcome the cell-cell adhesion to escape and change shape to pass through dense connective tissue. After successfully escaping, the cancer cell will enter the blood through microvessels, where it may also be attacked by white blood cells. Cancer cells will then enter a new organ through microvessels (now called "micrometastases"). Here, cancer cells face an unfriendly environment (called a "microenvironment"). Some cells die immediately, some die after several divisions, and some remain dormant. The survival rate is only one hundred millionth. Surviving cancer cells can regenerate and colonize, becoming "visible to the naked eye" that can be found in the test. As the metastasis develops, it squeezes out normal cells, disrupts organ function, and is ultimately fatal. Clinical studies show application

Cancer is "unable to run rampant" and is often very restless. It quickly spreads to other organs, and is related to the way the cancer grows and the characteristics of the cancer cells. The reasons can be summarized as follows:

The first is that cancer cells multiply fast. Due to the sharp increase in the number of cells, the original space cannot accommodate so many cells, and the cells at the edge of the tumor are "squeezed" into the surrounding tissue.

Second, due to the special chemical composition and structure of the cancer cell surface, the adhesion between cancer cells is low, the connection is loose, and it is easy to detach from the cancer mass, creating conditions for spread.

Third, cancer cells secrete special substances that dissolve and destroy surrounding tissues, opening the way for spread and metastasis.

The fourth is that cancer cells contain special substances that can promote the formation of thrombus. After the cancer cells enter the blood vessel, they can attach to the blood vessel wall or other parts and continue to grow, laying a foundation for blood metastasis.

In addition to the above reasons, there may be some factors that have not been recognized by people, and these factors complement each other.

Generally speaking, cancer cells are poorly differentiated, metastasize early, have a wide range of metastasis, and have a high degree of malignancy; well differentiated, the degree of malignancy is low. Why do different patients with the same type of cancer have different referrals? This has to do with the disease sooner or later and the patient's physical condition. When the cancer is in its early stages, there is less chance of metastasis. If radical cure can be performed before metastasis and spread, the possibility of metastasis is ruled out. Only in the late stage of treatment will there be a passive situation where gun smoke is rising, which is inevitable. In addition, people with good physical condition and strong resistance to cancer may have metastasis later, and the scope of metastasis is also limited. When the physical condition deteriorates and the resistance decreases, the condition will deteriorate sharply, and the cancer cells will spread unstoppably like a dam breach.

Immune function is its own natural defense against disease. If immune function is dysfunctional, the immune surveillance function will be ineffective, unable to remove mutant cells, and it is also one of the causes of tumors.

Stress creates a lymph "highway" in cancer patients that helps cancer cells move freely.

Pressure can make the lymphatic vessels around the malignant tumor thicker and thicker, and the speed of fluid flow in the lymphatic system increases, as if a "high-speed path" for the spread of cancer cells appears in the body.

^{[1] The} lymphatic system sends white blood cells and antibodies to the body, helping the body fight disease, but it also transports cancer cells. Stress stimulates lymphatic activity and allows cancer cells to move more freely.