What Is an Ophthalmoscope?
Ophthalmoscope can be divided into two types: direct ophthalmoscope and indirect ophthalmoscope.
Ophthalmoscope
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- Chinese name
- Ophthalmoscope
- It can be divided into
- Direct ophthalmoscope and indirect ophthalmoscope
- Pay attention
- Fundus images should be drawn for easy preservation
- Make up
- The examiner's eyes must be close to the patient's eyes
- Ophthalmoscope can be divided into two types: direct ophthalmoscope and indirect ophthalmoscope.
- Ophthalmoscope
- Types and application methods of ophthalmoscope
- Ophthalmoscope can be divided into two types: direct ophthalmoscope and indirect ophthalmoscope.
- Direct ophthalmoscope can directly check the fundus without dilating the pupils, and check in a dark room. The examiner's eyes must be close to the patient's eyes. Use the right eye to check the patient's right eye. Hold the ophthalmoscope in the right hand and sit or stand on the right side of the patient. On the other hand, the left eye is the opposite. The doctor's other hand is used to open the patient's eyelid. First, the ophthalmoscope is placed about 20 cm in front of the patient's eyes. The + 10D lens is used to check whether the patient's refractive matrix is transparent. Begin to inspect the fundus. Turn the lens to turn the dial to correct the refractive error of the doctor and the patient. If the doctor is an emmetropic eye or has been equipped with corrective glasses, the refractive power used to see the fundus indicates the refractive condition of the eye.
- Generally, the affected eye is directed straight ahead to check the optic nipples, then the temporal, subtemporal, supra-nasal, and sub-nasal quadrants are examined along the omental vessels, and finally the affected eye is fixed to the temporal side to check the macula. The size of the fundus lesions is expressed by the diameter of the visual papilla, and the degree of unevenness of the lesion is measured by the refractive power of the lens. 3D is equivalent to 1 mm. Some ophthalmoscopes are equipped with a green filter to better observe the optic nerve fibers and the macula.
- When using the indirect ophthalmoscope, the pupils must be fully dilated and checked in a dark room. The doctor turns on the power, adjusts the distance and the position of the mirror, and starts to observe with weak light to see the turbidity of the cornea, crystals, and vitreous. Direct the light into the pupil of the eye to be examined, and let the eye to look at the light source. Generally, a + 20D objective lens is placed 5cm in front of the eye. The convex surface of the objective lens faces the examiner. The examiner holds the objective lens with his left hand and fixes it to the patient. In the orbital margin of the eye, the subject's eye, objective lens, and examiner's head are fixed. When looking at the optic nipple and the macula, move the objective lens toward the examiner. The nipple and the macular area can be clearly seen 5cm in front of the examined eye. Three-dimensional inverted image.
- When inspecting the rest of the fundus, the examinee should be able to rotate the eyeball to cooperate with the examination. The examiner moves the position around the examinee's head, and the hand-held objective lens and the examiner's head also move accordingly. The images examined are upside down and left and right. In order to check the peripheral part of the fundus, if the 6 o'clock position is checked, the examiner is located at the top of the subject's head, so that the affected eye looks down at the 6 o'clock position. When inspecting the far peripheral part of the fundus, the scleral compression method must be combined. A metal scleral compression device is worn on the middle or index finger of the examiner's right hand, and the head of the compression device is placed outside the corresponding eyelid of the eye to be examined. Inspection is performed from the conjunctival sac. During the operation, the examiner's sight and the illumination light of the indirect ophthalmoscope, the focus of the objective lens, the eye position to be inspected, and the head of the compressor should be kept in a straight line. Attention should be paid to the inspection at any time. Patients are instructed to close the eyelids to moisten the cornea. When intraocular space occupying lesions are suspected, compression tests should not be performed.
- In order to save the data, the fundus image should be drawn. This figure is composed of three concentric circles and 12 radiations. The outermost circle is the base of the ciliary body and the vitreous body, the innermost circle is the equator, and the middle circle is the serrated edge. The twelve radiation lines indicate the meridian in the clock direction, and the direction of the twelve o'clock is toward the patient's foot.
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