What is DNA sequencing?
DNA sequencing is a collection of scientific methods for determining the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule. All living organisms have in each of their DNA cells (deoxyribonucleic acid). Each cell in the body contains a genetic code for the whole organism. The DNA sequencing process transforms DNA from a given organism into a format that scientists can use for basic study of biological processes, medical research and forensic.
There are several methods that can be used in DNA sequencing. The first methods were developed in the age of 70 and are very laborious and time consuming. The most popular and common sequential reaction used today is the sequencing of dideoxynucleotides that can be done manually or machine, depending on the amount of material to be sequenched.
The amount of genetic material in the body varies considerably and is measured by the number of nucleotide bases it contains. For example, a virus or a bacterium to have only five thousand foundations, while the human genome contains about three miLiada foundations. The sequencing method of sequencing Dideoxynucleotides DNA sequencing can sequence many genomes in days and large genomes in years, rather than decades.
There are four phases in DNA sequencing. First, the DNA must be removed from the cell. Then he undergoes a sequential reaction. Furthermore, the DNA is separated by size and finally analyzed by a computer that puts the results into a usable format.
The first step in DNA sequencing is to get DNA out of the cell. This can be done mechanically or chemically. DNA is supplied in two strands, but at once only one spring can be sewned.
As soon as the DNA breaks down, it is deployed to vectors, which are cells that are self -relied indefinitely, along with the primer, which is a chemical that triggers the process. This creates DNA clones the organism that is sequential. The sequential reaction uses Primer to start the chemical process of reproduction of the second DNA chain. SequenceIt is done in the thermal cycle, so the reaction is repeated many times. Repetition of the reaction results in a higher proceeds of the sequence DNA.
After sequencing, DNA is sorted by size according to capillary electrophoresis. The DNA is pulled by an electric current by a gel in the capillary, which is a very thin glass tube. DNA chains appear sorted by length. When they emerge from the capillary, they pass through a laser that activates dyes that identify nucleotide bases. This information is fed to a computer, which then displays the DNA sequence on the screen.