What is Full Spectrum Lighting?

LED (Lighting Emitting Diode) lighting is light-emitting diode lighting, which is a semiconductor solid-state light-emitting device. It uses a solid semiconductor chip as a light-emitting material. In the semiconductor, the carrier emits excess energy through composite emission, which causes photons to emit. It directly emits red, yellow, blue, and green light. Based on this, the principle of three primary colors is used. Adding phosphor can emit light of any color. Lighting fixtures that use LEDs as light sources are LED lamps. Among LED lighting fixtures, reflective LED lighting fixtures can be fully competent for any occasion, and large-area indoor lighting is not yet mature.

LED lighting

LED (Lighting Emitting Diode) lighting is glowing

Generally speaking, there are two kinds of driving schemes: linear driving and switching driving.

Linear drive application is the simplest and most direct drive application. In the application of lighting-grade white LEDs, although there are problems such as low efficiency and poor regulation, but because of its simple circuit and small size, it can meet many applications in some specific occasions.

Switch-type drives can obtain good current control accuracy and high overall efficiency. The application methods are mainly divided into two types: step-down and step-up. The step-down switch driver is aimed at applications where the power supply voltage is higher than the terminal voltage of the LED or multiple LEDs are driven in parallel. Step-up switch driving is for applications where the power supply voltage is lower than the terminal voltage of the LED or multiple LEDs are driven in series.

It is generally believed that isolated drives are safe but low in efficiency, and non-isolated drives are more efficient, and should be selected according to the requirements of actual use.

Designing a general basic LED driver lighting application is relatively simple, but if other features such as phase-controlled dimming and power factor correction (PFC) are needed, the design becomes complicated. Non-dimming LED drivers without power factor correction usually include an offline switching power supply for regulating output at constant current.

The LED driver's back-end architecture includes a current regulation circuit with short-circuit protection. This can be achieved by using a linear adjustment circuit, however this method is inherently inefficient, so it is suitable for low output currents and is not usually applied to multi-stage architectures. The alternative is to use a simple buck regulator circuit with current feedback to limit the output current beyond the desired LED drive current. It counteracts changes in total LED forward voltage with temperature and device tolerances, and also limits the current in the event of a short circuit or other fault condition, thereby protecting the driver from damage.

Among LED lighting fixtures, decorative lights such as bottom lights, chandeliers, and projection lights, and LED lighting fixtures for reflective purposes can be completely competent for any occasion, including art

Compared with traditional light sources, LED lighting has the characteristics of small size, energy saving, long life, high brightness and environmental protection. However, its price is also relatively higher than traditional light sources, which has become one of the obstacles for LEDs to enter the market. Excessive production capacity has also led to fierce competition in the LED market.

sales team

In the face of high prices becoming the main stumbling block for LED lighting to enter millions of households, LED lighting companies are improving product technology, strengthening product research and development, and focusing on large-scale production to reduce prices to compete for alternative energy-saving lamps and incandescent lamp market shares. At the same time, focus on marketing mix strategies It is a long-term and effective strategy to break the development of LED lighting.

The marketing mix refers to the fact that the company considers the environment, capabilities, and competition conditions over the company's own controllable factors in the selection of market goals, and uses the best combination to achieve the company's goals and tasks. Applied in the LED lighting market, LED lighting companies can formulate product strategies, pricing strategies, channel strategies, etc. of the optimal combination according to their market segments. At the same time, LED companies formulate marketing mix strategies for different light requirements for household alternative light sources, hotels, shops, and offices.

For example, the demand for light sources in ordinary homes is positioned to meet lighting functions, high cost performance, and energy saving. And shop lighting is not only satisfied with basic lighting and energy saving, but also needs professional lighting characteristics, dimmable, light theme or scene mode. Therefore, according to different customer needs, the formulation of the best marketing mix strategy will be one of the main methods to break the LED lighting development "appropriate but not appeal".

Lack of talent

In the beginning of 2013, the recruitment information of marketing talents, salespersons, technical personnel, designers and so on was everywhere. Many companies have begun to prepare guns and ammunition, and are preparing for the 2013 channel battle. However, the rapid development of the LED industry has led to a surge in demand for LED talents, and colleges and universities have failed to keep up with the pace of LED industry development. It goes without saying that there is a structural shortage of talents in the LED lighting industry. Frequent nesting of talents and high-paid "digging the wall" have become the status quo in the industry. All in all, the LED industry lacks technical sales staff and high-end talents who understand LED technology.

In the face of such a situation, LED companies should speed up cooperation with colleges and universities to cultivate talents with basic LED education. Second, strengthen corporate training. Especially strengthen the training of business personnel. It is understood that what the LED industry lacks the most today is technical sales staff. When sales staff chat with customers, technology is something that has to be talked about. Many business people have no knowledge of technology. Including some employees who have worked in the company for many years, customers often ask them dumb.

Markdown

According to relevant survey reports, in 2012 the LED lighting industry was hot and retail was slow, and news about the status of LED lighting terminals "applauding or not calling for seats" has been reported. Although chip prices fell by more than 30% in 2012 and packaging technology has been steadily improved, LED lighting products are still high above relative to energy-saving lamps. Secondly, most of China's LED companies are in the mid-to-downstream packaging and end-product application fields, and product homogeneity, channel homogeneity, and market demand oversupply have seriously troubled LED companies. Relative to 2012, due to price wars and other causes of corporate closures and industry reshuffles, 2013 price cuts and expansion of channels and price cuts to clear inventory are still the main tone of the LED lighting market.

LED characteristics LEDs require a completely different type of driver than incandescent or halogen lamps. Incandescent lamps appear as purely resistive loads with self-stabilizing characteristics, while LEDs require a current source. The luminous flux produced by an LED is approximately proportional to the current flowing through the device. The forward voltage of the LED increases with increasing current, but decreases with increasing temperature. In this respect, LEDs behave like diodes. However, the forward voltage (VF) of the LED during operation is large. This voltage is related to the energy (eV) generated when the electrons are converted into photons, which is directly related to the color of the light. In addition, VF values can vary widely between different production batches.
Serial / Parallel Configuration <br In most applications where LEDs are used to replace existing light sources, multiple LEDs need to be connected to the driver, because a single LED cannot produce sufficient luminous flux. LEDs can be connected serially or in parallel.
If the LEDs are connected in series, the total voltage on the LED chain is equal to the sum of the forward voltages (the current on all LEDs is equal).
If the LEDs are connected in parallel, the current will be distributed among the branches. However, because the forward voltage of an LED decreases as the temperature rises, this configuration is inherently unstable. As the temperature increases, more and more current will flow to the branches with lower forward voltage, these branches will become brighter, and those with higher forward voltage will become Darker.
However, one reason for using a parallel configuration (or series-parallel combination) is that it allows a large number of LEDs to be combined with a safe supply voltage, and if you want to use a serial connection to achieve the same brightness, you may need a high Unacceptable voltage.
In the current environment of fierce competition in the solar industry, photovoltaic module manufacturers are trying their best to differentiate their products. The main direction is to achieve the highest module efficiency with the lowest cost. There are many technical concepts and marketing solutions that claim to have mature products, but most of them cannot withstand careful research and deliberation. There are too many examples to prove that some technical advantages achieved in one aspect may not necessarily translate into the final benefits of the component. For example, although the cost of the battery chip has been reduced, the final component cost has not been reduced accordingly; for example, the efficiency of the battery chip may have been improved, but the final module efficiency has not been improved to the same extent.

progress

As we all know, incandescent lamp is an important invention of Edison. This important invention has made humans say goodbye to darkness and welcomed the light. But incandescent lamp consumes too much power, and only about one tenth of its energy becomes light. Yes, everything else is wasted heat. So people are thinking of ways to replace incandescent lamps with new light sources, and energy-saving lamps came into being. Because it is cheaper and easier to produce, it has been used in a large number of applications and has a tendency to gradually replace incandescent lamps.

principle

The two poles of the energy-saving lamp are ordinary tungsten wires. When the tungsten wire is energized and heated, it can emit electrons. A relatively high voltage is applied to the two sides of the lamp to form an electric field, and these electrons will be accelerated in the lamp to form A flow of electrons of a certain speed and energy. The lamp is evacuated and filled with mercury, which is what we call mercury.

In the case of the lamp tube being energized and heated, these mercury vaporized from the liquid state and changed into a gaseous state. Free mercury atoms were formed. The electrons in the electron stream hit the mercury atoms at a certain speed, causing the mercury atoms to be excited and turned into excited state ions. It is called that a step has occurred, and the excited state of mercury falls back to itself spontaneously after a short time. In the original state, ultraviolet light is released at the same time. Ultraviolet light cannot be used for lighting. So we coated some fluorescent substances on the inner wall of the lamp tube. Under the bombardment of ultraviolet light, the fluorescent substances can emit more natural light after being excited. , Can be used for our lighting.

The more common energy-saving lamps on the market include ordinary lamps and tri-color lamps that are becoming mainstream. Compared with incandescent light bulbs, they have the advantages of saving power. The difference is that the color rendering of ordinary lamps is low, while the three primary colors of the lamps show natural sunlight, and they are better than ordinary lamps in terms of color rendering and light efficiency. From the above, we can know that mercury plays an intermediary role in energy-saving lamps. Without mercury, energy-saving lamps will not emit light. There is very little mercury in each lamp.

It is difficult to exclude mercury after it enters the body. The workers in the author's factory have not been exposed to mercury for more than ten years, but the body's mercury content is still very high, and they are still taking mercury injections at any time. So I have an instinctive fear of energy-saving lamps. In fact, mercury-containing lighting lamps generally have no pollution during use. The main pollution is that the electric light source is discarded randomly after being discarded, which causes the mercury to diffuse into the air, which harms human health and pollutes the environment. Due to the difficulty of recycling and the low value of recycling, plus many other disadvantages, the only way is to eliminate it.

Therefore, in order to overcome the above disadvantages of energy-saving lamps, LED lighting came into being. LED lamp cups, spotlights, etc. have become the mainstream of indoor lighting, and will also replace energy-saving lamps and become the mainstream products of the next generation of home lighting.

Disadvantage

1.There is mercury pollution during the production process and after being discarded. Western countries attach great importance to mercury pollution. Chinese people are increasingly aware of the harmfulness of mercury pollution.

2.Because it is a glass product, it is fragile, difficult to transport, and difficult to install.

3.The power consumption is still a bit larger than that of LED lights.

4, easy to damage, short life, energy saving without saving money, this sentence is its best portrayal.

advantage

1. Energy saving: The energy consumption of white LED is only 1/10 of that of incandescent lamps, and 1/4 of that of energy-saving lamps.

2. Long life: The life of an LED lamp cup can reach more than 50,000 hours, which is once and for all for ordinary home lighting.

3. It can work at high speed: if the energy-saving lamp is turned on or off frequently, it will turn black quickly and break down.

4, solid-state packaging, belongs to the cold light source type. So it is easy to transport and install, and can be installed in any miniature and enclosed equipment without fear of vibration.

5, LED technology is advancing with each passing day, its luminous efficiency is making an amazing breakthrough, and the price is constantly decreasing. An era when white light LEDs are entering the home is fast approaching. According to General Manager Liu of the Engineering Department of "CPL Lamp Cup", the future lighting development trend will certainly be the elimination of energy-saving lamps for indoor lighting products such as LED lamp cups.

6, environmental protection, no harmful substances of mercury.

7.No radiation effect on the human body.

Advantage

Compared with traditional lighting, incandescent, energy-saving and metal halide lamps are used in traditional commercial lighting. White LED has 5 advantages:

1. Energy saving, LED commercial lighting is generally only 1 to 10W, and consumes less power when the brightness is similar to traditional commercial photography;

2, environmental protection, LED is a recyclable light source, and energy-saving lamps, halogen lamps, etc. contain metal elements (such as mercury) that pollute the environment, recycling becomes a major problem;

3. Safety, LED light source does not generate high heat;

4. Long life, theoretically the LED light attenuation can be reduced to 70% of the nominal life of 100,000 hours, reducing replacement frequency and other maintenance work;

5, good light efficiency, many color changes, 1W LED lamp beads can generally reach 90-100 lumens, equivalent to the general light source 5-6 times the light efficiency.