What Is Gingival Overgrowth?

Bone dysplasia, also known as Dwarfism, is a group of diseases that cause short stature due to abnormal bones or cartilage. In addition to affecting the normal development of bones and cartilage, these diseases sometimes cause bone deformation. And even affect other systems of the body.

Skeletal dysplasia

Bone dysplasia, also known as Dwarfism, is a group of diseases that cause short stature due to abnormal bones or cartilage.

Many bones are joined together by bones to form a hard skeleton called bones. Located in the body is called "endoskeletons", such as human and vertebrate bones. It is different from the "exoskeleton" located outside the body (such as chitin hard shell on the surface of shrimp, crab, insect). The human skeleton is divided into three parts: the skull (also called the skull), the trunk bone, and the bones of the extremities. It constitutes the body's stent. It consists of 206 bones of different shapes. According to the shape, it can be divided into four types: long bone, short bone, flat bone and irregular bone. Bone morphology may change to some extent due to living conditions, habits, the nature of work, and whether certain diseases occur. In children and adolescents, appropriate physical exercise should be carried out according to age, gender and health conditions, and attention to maintaining correct sitting, standing and walking postures can promote good bone development. The structure of the human body's skeletal system (including: spine, skull, thorax, pelvis, collarbone, scapula, upper extremity, lower extremity, bone is the biological basis of physical beauty. The bone determines the height of the human body and the proportion of the limbs. ^[1]

Most of these patients have normal intelligence, and more than 200 skeletal abnormalities have been reported, such as:

As a whole, in

The initial symptoms of skeletal dysplasia are abnormal short bones in the legs and arms, short trunks, and abnormal skulls.

Clinical characterization

coarse facial features

Sclerosis of skull

Thin calvarium

Head and Face Prominent mandible

prominent upper / lower lip

everted lower lip

Thick lower lip

Transverse cheek cracks and abnormally long mouth corners (macrostomia)

Limbs Missing Fingers (Toes) (rachydactyly)

clubbing of fingers; drumstick

Short phalanges

wide metacarpals defect

Wide phalanges

Torso Spinal bifida occulta

Wide metaphysis

Others Short stature

Cutis laxa

Deafness, sensorineural

Gum hypertrophy

Inner ear, general abnormalities

Genetic model:

There are different genetic models for different diseases, including somatic dominant recessive inheritance, somatic recessive inheritance, X chromosome dominant and recessive inheritance.

diagnosis:

In terms of diagnosis, in addition to the assessment of clinical symptoms, imaging studies such as: X-rays (commonly used for preliminary image observation of long bones, hands, feet, skull, chest cavity, sacrum, and pelvis), magnetic resonance imaging, Computed tomography and other tools are diagnostic aids. In addition, depending on the type of disease, related genetic tests can be performed.

Prognosis:

Although some types of skeletal dysplasia are fatal, patients with general skeletal dysplasia can usually live a normal life.