What is neurogenesis?
The brain is a sensitive organ. Unlike other organs, any damage to brain cells is considered permanent and irreversible - or so it was meant. Recent research has shown that the brain may have a certain ability to regenerate and repair damaged cells. With the possibilities that stem cell research can be offered one day, it can be on the horizon for individuals suffering from such paralyzing diseases such as Huntington, Parkinson and Alzheimer's disease. The ability of brain cells to regenerate is known as neurogenesis .
In the mitosis process, new cells are made up of existing brain cells. These new stem cells are born without function. Stimulation from their physical environment causes these new cells to differentiate or specialize in neuronal cells. Differentiated cells migrate to different brain locations using a chemical signal. As soon as they give up from their origin, these cells are either adapted and evolved to ripe neuronal cells or not adapteats and don't die. The ability of these cells to adapt to their new environment is known as plasticity .
In their final migration sites, neuronal cells ripen in the presence of chemical hormones known as neurotrophic growth factors and acquire their lifelong functions. New neurons integrate into existing synaptic circuits. This "regenerative" development from stem cells to mature neuronal cells is the basis of neurogenesis.
The concept of repair and regeneration of brain cells in adults is not a new phenomenon and is definitely not exclusive to people. For the first time at the age of 60, scientists Altman and then chaplain and hinds, brain cells were observed regenerating as axons in the brain and Misha. This revolutionary concept was later found to occur only in specific areas of the brain. In 1998, Eriksson demonomensis he repaired the brain cell capacity in the hippocamp of people where he isInfluenced by learning and memory.
Contemporary research has found that neuronal stem cells proliferate and migrate to their final destinations in the subventtricular zone (SVZ) found in the lateral chambers of the brain, and Dentate Gyrus (DG) in hippocampal production. Here they develop into cells that will help in receiving the brain and processing olfactory information. Regeneration skills were observed in mice and other vertebrates and invertebrates.
Many external and environmental factors affect the capacity of the birth of neuronal cells. Neurogenesis is influenced by physical activity. Increasing physical activity increases the ability of neuron for self -confidence and therefore increases mental sharpness. Increasing stress levels cause the body to eliminate corticosteroid hormones that act by inhibiting neurogenesis by reducing the growth of Factor production, which is essential for the growth of new cells. On the other hand, it is known that increasing levels of testosterone, serotonin and glutamate lead to an increased prolifeACI neuronal cells.
neurogenesis introduces a number of options for people suffering from degenerative brain diseases. In recent years, there has been a great debate in the use of embryonic stem cells in creating new therapies for those who are currently suffering from incurable genetic diseases. However, as neurogenesis has shown, stem cell research brings promising results to medical applications. Brain injury today means destruction and despair; In the future, this can mean regeneration and repair.