What Is a Forge Hammer?

Use the pneumatic or hydraulic transmission mechanism to make the falling part (piston, hammer rod, hammer head, upper anvil (or upper module)) generate motion and accumulate kinetic energy, and apply it to the forging in a very short time to obtain plastic deformation energy. Forging machines of various forging processes are called forging hammers. Anvil hammers are used to strike fixed anvils with hammer heads; counter anvils with upper and lower hammer heads are hammers without anvils.

Forging hammer is the most widely used one in forging equipment. The forging hammer is a machine that produces kinetic energy by high-speed motion caused by the drop of a heavy hammer or processing external forces to do work on the billet and plastically deform it. Forging hammer is the most common and oldest forging machine. It has a simple structure, flexible work, wide range of use, and easy maintenance. It is suitable for free forging and die forging. However, the large vibration makes it difficult to realize automated production.

Working principle: use the steam, hydraulic and other transmission machinery to make the falling part (piston, hammer rod, drill up, module) move and accumulate energy, apply this kinetic energy to the forging, make the forging obtain plastic deformation energy, and complete various forging crafting process.

Features: The forging hammer has a simple structure and good process adaptability. It is the main forging production equipment today; forging hammers are generally divided into air hammers (steam hammers), counter hammers, and electro-hydraulic hammers. Due to the characteristics of large vibration and high noise of the air hammer, it is suitable for medium and small tonnages; the principle of large tonnage forging hammers is replaced with equipment such as counter hammers and electro-hydraulic hammers. Forging hammers can be divided into free forging hammers and die forging hammers according to their applications. ^[1]

The forging hammer uses a large anvil or a movable lower hammer head as the supporting surface for striking. During the working stroke, the striking speed of the hammer head is instantly reduced to zero. The work is impactful and can produce a large striking force. It usually causes a lot of vibration and noise.

The specifications of the forging hammer are usually expressed by the mass of the falling part, but because it is a energy-limited device, its exact performance parameter should be the impact energy.

The forming process of the forging on the hammer is a striking process. The characteristics of the striking process can be analyzed by using the theory of elastic forward collision in mechanics. It can be seen that the forging hammer is an impact forming equipment. During the working process, the main components are subjected to the impact load, and the vibration is transmitted to the foundation and the surrounding environment. Force is the basis of the design and performance analysis of the forging hammer, the strength check of the parts, and the vibration analysis of the forging hammer.

The striking process of the forging hammer is divided into two stages.

The first phase is the loading phase. At the beginning of the strike, the speed of the hammer is V ₁ and the speed of the anvil is V ₂ = 0. At this stage, with the anvil (or

Forging hammer is energy limited

There are many types of forging hammers. They are divided into striking hammers and anvil hammers according to the characteristics of the forging. According to the technical purposes, there are free forging hammers, die forging hammers and sheet metal stamping hammers. The force is divided into single acting hammer and double acting hammer. When the single-acting hammer works, the falling part is a free-falling body; during the downward stroke of the double-acting hammer, in addition to gravity, the falling part is also affected by compressed air or hydraulic pressure, so the impact energy is large. Forging hammers are generally divided into the following four categories according to the driving form:

The forging hammer is generally composed of a hammer head, an anvil and a machine base. An anvil and a foundation are provided with a cushion, and the entire forging hammer foundation is placed on the foundation. The hammer striking the fixed anvil is an anvil hammer; the opposing hammer striking the upper and lower hammer heads is an anvil-less hammer. The specifications of the forging hammer are usually expressed by the mass of the falling part, but because it is a energy-limited device, its exact performance parameter should be the impact energy.

There are many types of forging hammers. They are divided into striking hammers and anvil hammers according to the characteristics of the forging. According to the technical purposes, there are free forging hammers, die forging hammers and sheet metal stamping hammers. The force is divided into single acting hammer and double acting hammer. When the single-acting hammer works, the falling part is a free-falling body; during the downward stroke of the double-acting hammer, in addition to gravity, the falling part is also affected by compressed air or hydraulic pressure, so the impact energy is large. Forging hammers are divided into steam-air hammer, air hammer, mechanical hammer and hydraulic hammer according to the driving form.

Forging hammers are widely used in forging factories because of their simple structure, strong applicability, and easy maintenance. However, forging hammers generate great vibrations during work and give a great impact to the foundation. Therefore, a separate forging hammer must be built under the forging hammer. Large and solid foundation, in addition, the vibration value of the foundation needs to be controlled within a certain range to avoid excessive vibration from spreading outward and affecting the normal use of other equipment and the safety of the plant and personnel. When the surrounding environment has strict vibration requirements, advanced and effective vibration isolation technology must be adopted. In the figure, a is a double-column free forging hammer and foundation, and b is a die forging hammer and foundation, which is mainly composed of a hammer frame, a drop hammer, an anvil and a foundation.

(1) Before starting the forging hammer, carefully check the bolts, nuts, pins, etc. of each fastening connection for looseness or breakage, the combination of the anvil, hammer, hammer, and wedge, and whether there are cracks. , Solve it in time, and check the lubrication and oil supply.

(2) The operating handle of the air hammer should be placed in the empty position, and the positioning pin should be inserted before it can be started, and it should be idle for 3 to 5 minutes. Before starting the steam-air free forging hammer, the condensed water in the cylinder should be drained. Before work, the exhaust valve should be fully opened, and then the intake valve should be opened slightly to allow the steam to warm up the valve through the air pipe system and then the intake valve Open slowly and let the piston go up and down several times.

(3) Preheat the hammer rod, hammer head and anvil in winter, and the preheat temperature is 100 150 .

(4) After the forging hammer starts, focus on it, follow the instructions of the palm fitter, operate according to the specified requirements, and pay attention to observation at any time. If any abnormal phenomenon such as irregular noise or air leakage from the cylinder head is found, it should be stopped immediately for maintenance.

(5) Avoid eccentric forging, air strike or heavy blow on thinner billets during operation, and remove the oxide scale on the lower anvil at any time, so as not to splash or hurt the anvil surface.

(6) Use the foot control mechanism. When measuring the size of the workpiece or changing the tool, the operator should keep his feet off the pedal to prevent accidental stepping.

(7) After the work is completed, the hammer head should be lowered smoothly, the inlet and exhaust valves should be closed, and the air hammer should be used to open the electric gate to do the shift work.