What Is a Leather Manufacturer?

Leather is a denatured and non-perishable animal skin obtained through physical and chemical processing such as depilation and tanning. Leather is made of natural protein fibers tightly woven in a three-dimensional space. The surface has a special grain layer, which has a natural grain pattern and luster, and is comfortable to the touch.

[pí gé]

Leather is warped and

[English]: [Leather; Hide] After tanning,

Genuine leather logo is

Vegetable tanned leather is a representative of leather and has a long history. Grain environmental protection and strong plasticity

Popular leather products on the market are genuine leather and

Maintenance of the sofa

1. The leather has strong absorption and adsorption power. Pay attention to anti-fouling. It is best to use it once in spring and autumn.

Artificial leather and synthetic leather have woven fabric base or non-woven fabric base. They are coated with polyurethane and used special foaming treatment. The surface feels like leather, but the breathability, abrasion resistance and cold resistance are not as good as leather. . How to distinguish?

Leather surface: The leather surface of the leather has its own special natural pattern, and the leather surface has a natural luster. When you press or pinch the leather surface by hand, the leather surface has no dead wrinkles or dead folds, and there are no cracks; while the leather surface of artificial leather is like real leather, But looking at the patterns is not natural, the luster is brighter than the leather, and the colors are mostly bright. Press the leather surface with your fingers, there are no obvious pore wrinkles, and even if there are wrinkles after pressing, they will not disappear naturally.

Leather body: The leather feels soft and tough, while the imitation leather products are also soft, but the toughness is insufficient, and the leather body is hard in cold weather. When the leather body is twisted by hand, the dermis flexes naturally and has better elasticity, while the imitation leather products flex hard and have poor elasticity.

Incision: The incision in the dermis is consistent in color, and the fibers are clearly visible and dense. However, the incision of imitation leather products has no fibrous feel of the dermis, or the fibers and resin at the bottom can be seen, or the bottom cloth and resin are glued at two levels from the incision.

Inside the leather: The front side of the leather is smooth and flat with pores and patterns, and the reverse side has obvious fiber bundles, which are fluffy and uniform. There are no pores on the surface of imitation leather products, and some synthetic leathers have the same front and back sides; but there are also leather-like inside and outside, and there are also leather-like fluff inside.

Environmental protection leather is commonly known as artificial leather. Eco-leather and real looks are similar. Microfiber leather feels similar to leather. The biggest difference between artificial leather and real leather is that the natural leather has natural pores to dissipate and dissipate air, while the artificial leather does not. For example, some people will get athlete's foot in leather shoes but not leather shoes. That's because the leather has natural pores.

In fact, there is also a kind of genuine leather (also called vegetable-tanned leather). It is because the test indicators of this dermis have reached the standards of the International Health Organization! It is in line with human beings, does not pollute the environment, does not harm the human body's skin and healthy dermis leather (many foods for pets are made with this kind of leather).

With the development of science, although the performance of synthetic leather will be closer to natural leather, it will never reach the index of natural leather. The reason is that the nature of leather comes from life sciences. Animal skin is a part of life. The depth and mystery of life sciences cannot be imitated by general physics and chemistry. People can synthesize bovine insulin, but absolutely cannot synthesize bulls, cows and goats. In addition, leather products also have special psychological value for users, that is, showing off and masturbation, which is the same as wearing copper rings and gold rings. With the improvement of the quality of life, people's demand for leather will only increase, and it is impossible to decline. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that the leather industry is a "sunny industry".

The vitality of an industry lies in whether there is a market demand for the products produced by this industry, and the market demand depends on the role and function of the product on humans. The reason why leather products have been favored and prospered for thousands of years is mainly their superior and irreplaceable performance.

1. Affinity to the human body ; animal skin is mainly composed of collagen, and human skin is also collagen. Therefore, as long as the use of chemical materials is controlled during processing, all leathers can be in close contact with the human body at zero distances, and they can be worn personally without any adverse reactions that are unfavorable to the human body, which is difficult to compare with any chemical fiber.

2. Mechanical properties ; leather has a certain elasticity, but its elasticity is different from plastic and rubber. After stretching to a certain length, rebound does not occur in a straight line with the elimination of external force, but slowly returns to its original shape according to its specific curve. It is the rebound lag of leather. This unique mechanical property makes leather clothes and shoes wear comfortable and fit, and there is no sense of pressure on the body. This is why leather shoes and rubber shoes and plastic shoes feel different.

3. Hygienic performance ; the breathability and moisture absorption of leather are incomparable with other fabrics, especially chemical fiber fabrics. In the natural state, the completely dry leather still contains 15% of water, and the normal suede has a water load. When it reaches 70% of its weight, its leather surface is still dry and there is no wet feeling when wearing. The water vapor permeability of leather can reach 200g / m2hr. The superfine fiber leather, the best of synthetic leather, only reaches 10g / m2hr. In addition, leather itself is a porous body with a large specific surface interwoven with protein fibers in three dimensions. There are about 1 million micropores per square inch. This structure brings good breathability to the leather. Under the pressure of 1mm Hg, the permeation volume reaches more than 1,000 liters per square meter per hour. This valuable moisture absorption and breathability imparts rare wearing comfort and hygiene to footwear and apparel.

Tanning is not a consuming industry

The author believes that any processing and manufacturing industry consumes resources, and the key is what kind of resources are consumed. There are two types of natural resources in the world: disposable resources and renewable resources. Such as iron and steel, coal mines, petrochemicals, non-ferrous metals, their raw materials are non-renewable one-time resources; while grain, cotton, oilseeds, and livestock are renewable resources. One-time resources on the earth will eventually dry up. According to the mining speed, coal can only be extracted for 200 to 250 years, and oil will be exhausted for another 40 to 50 years. At that time, there was no petrochemical industry and coal chemical industry. There are no plastic cars or plastics on the street. Therefore, human beings use various measures to limit the consumption of disposable resources.

The tannery industry, like flour mills, rice mills, canners, and food mills, consumes inexhaustible and inexhaustible renewable natural resourcesbiological resources. As long as humans still eat meat and drink milk, they also Feeding pigs, cattle, and sheep, tanning raw materials are continuously supplied. It will never cause the earth to exhaust resources. Only with the reasonable consumption of such resources, it can drive the cycle, development and improvement of an industrial chain. .

Can tannery wastewater be treated

There is a prejudice in society that tanning pollution is difficult to control. As a result, many regions have clearly stated that tanning enterprises are not allowed. What's more, I can't get used to the left and right of tanning companies, and make things difficult and "run" for various reasons-no matter whether the emissions meet the standards-until the owner is helpless, the company closes down or relocates, or flees.

In essence, there is no necessary connection between tannery and pollution. Raw hides are not polluted and poisoned. The discharge pollution comes from two aspects. One is the use of contaminated chemical materials. The non-tanning material removed during the process enters the wastewater. Both sources of pollution can be avoided in the production process. This is the so-called clean tanning process. At present, the research on clean tanning process in China has matured, and new technologies have been transformed from laboratory to large-scale production. Regarding the treatment of tannery wastewater that has been generated, new processes and new equipment are constantly emerging and each has its advantages. Its technology has reached maturity and meeting national emission standards has already become the minimum requirement for most tannery companies. As for the majority of the existing non-compliance enterprises are insufficient equipment investment or intentional confusion to reduce costs, the main reason is no longer in the technical category.

Tanning is not a highly polluting industry

This kind of understanding has a wide range of influences. In addition to the negative reports of the media, the traditional concept of "taken for granted" is the main reason for this misunderstanding. People's prejudice and aversion are mainly due to concerns about pollution in the tannery industry and dirty, smelly, tired stereotypes of the tannery. Especially "smelly", China has long had the old saying "three stink leathersmiths set up one Zhuge Liang". In addition to showing that the tanning industry is a technical profession and requires wisdom and wisdom, it also reflects that people have "smelly" leather since ancient times. Thinking set.

In the past few decades, the tanning industry did have environmental pollution problems just like other industries, but its pollution emissions accounted for only 0.47% of the total national emissions, while the total leather output value accounted for 2% of the national industry, and exports accounted for In this sense, 4% of the country, in the sense of 0.47% of the environmental cost in exchange for 2%-4% of social benefits, indicating that leather pollution is not more serious than other industries, behind the paper industry and food industry in the light industry , Ranking third, far from being the "top 100" status as people think.

Regarding the environmental hygiene or dirty smell of tannery, there are different situations in different times. There is no need to evade. In the history of tanning, the working environment was indeed indecent, the floor was dirty, and the workshop smelled. The medium-sized tannery above ten million yuan and the tannery enterprises that have entered modern management procedures have basically no dirty smell. Besides, the odor and poisonous poison must not be equal. The scented things may not be harmful to the human body. For example, the organic solvent, banana water, has a pleasant fragrance, but it is extremely harmful to the body. The odor of the tanneries is mainly caused by the decomposition of amino acids from proteins to produce ammonia. Although the amino acid is odorous after decomposition, it is not harmful to the human body and cannot be treated the same as scented banana water. For a century, the tanning industry in the world has never had an occupational disease, which is a clear proof of the impact of the leather mill's production environment on the human body.