What is Fleece?

Wool is mainly composed of protein. Human use of wool can be traced back to the Neolithic Age, spread from Central Asia to the Mediterranean and the rest of the world, and has become the main textile raw material in Asia and Europe. Wool fiber is soft and flexible, and can be used to make woolen fabrics, woolen threads, blankets, felts and other textiles. Wool products have the characteristics of fullness, good warmth and comfortable wearing. Sheep wool accounts for a considerable proportion of textile raw materials. The world's largest sheep wool production includes Australia, the former Soviet Union, New Zealand, Argentina, and China. Sheep hair is divided into 5 types of fine wool, semi-fine wool, long wool, hybrid wool, and coarse wool according to fineness and length. Chinese sheep wool varieties include Mongolian wool, Tibetan wool, and Kazakh wool. The main factors for evaluating wool quality are fineness, curl, color, strength, and weed content.

Wool is

The wool from sheep is called sheep wool in the industry. Even if the sheep wool is very thin, we call it wool professionally instead of wool, and of course it can also be called fine wool.

Only cashmere from goats is called

The advantage of world wool production is in the southern hemisphere.

Wool is a slender solid cylinder that is curled. The structure of the fiber is divided into three layers, namely the scale layer, the cortex layer and the medulla layer.

Scale layer: The scale layer is the surface layer of wool. It grows in a certain direction, from the root of the hair to the tip of the hair. Each scale is connected to the cortex at one end of the hair root, and the other end is spread out. The covering density of scales on wool varies greatly depending on the type of wool. The thinner the wool, the more scales, the longer the overlapping parts, and the more the scales are ring-shaped. The thicker the wool is, the fewer the scales are, and the shorter the length of the overlapping cover is, the more the scales are corrugated and fish scale-shaped and overlap each other. Since the scale layer is stretched outward and protrudes, if the frictional force between the fibers is increased, they will be pinched to each other to produce a felting effect, and the cohesive force will be strengthened under humid and hot conditions. The scale layer also gives the wool a good sheen. The tough scale structure makes the wool resistant to abrasion and pollution.

Cortical layer: The cortical layer is the main component of wool fibers. It is composed of many protein cells. Its constituent material is called keratin or keratin. The cells adhere to each other with a gap in the middle. The cortex is the main part that determines the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of wool fibers. It is divided into two types of orthocortex and paracortex. In the curled wool fiber, it can be stretched and stretched up to about 20% after being stressed, and it can be restored to its original curled state after being relaxed. The outer cortical waves are called orthocortical cells, and the inner ones are called paracortical cells. The cortical layer has a lower sulfur content than the paracortical layer, so it is chemically active and easy to stain. The paracortical layer is the opposite. In fine varieties of fine wool, two types of cortical cells accumulate on the two halves of the hair shaft and entangle with each other along the fiber axis.

Medullary layer: The medullary layer is an opaque, loose substance in the center of wool fibers. Generally fine wool has no medullary layer, while thicker wool has different levels of medullary layer. The more medulla, the straighter and stiffer the wool, the worse the quality. Wool that contains a large number of medulla layers is brittle and easy to break, with less curl, and dry is called dead hair. Some wool has discontinuous pulp, and a fiber has the characteristics of both fine hair and coarse hair. Such wool is called two-type wool.

Wool has different classifications and names.

Structured by histology:

1. Low temperature dyeing of wool using milanan LTD and CTC-435 is feasible. Low temperature dyeing at 80 ° C can reach the level of conventional boiling dyeing. The optimal amount of both additives is 2%.

Raw wool needs to be processed into washed wool first before spinning. During processing, wool is selected to make the wool quality uniform, and then the wool is fluffed to improve the washing effect. Then, the wool is washed, so that the lanolin forms a stable emulsion, and the dirty impurities float in the washing liquid. After treatment, wet hair with a water content of about 40% can be obtained, and then dried. In production, the combined machine is often used to operate once to obtain washed wool, and then enter the wool top manufacturing process; the wool top is drawn and thinned on the spinning machine and then enters the textile process.

Wool surface treatment technology uses physical, chemical, biological and other methods to treat wool to reduce the degree of felt shrinkage. After processing, the degree of felting of wool fibers has decreased. "At present, there are many techniques for surface treatment of wool fibers, and each method has advantages and disadvantages. ^[1]

Wool sensory method

This method does not require the use of any items or equipment, and relies on its own intuitive and long-term working experience to identify by the feel of the fabric and the suede. The fiber length of rabbit hair is generally 30-50 mm. There are many rabbit hair fibers, which indicates that the proportion of rabbit components is high and the product is high-grade. Sweaters and acrylic shirts (commonly known as fake sweaters), because acrylic fibers have unique wool-like excellent characteristics, can make it difficult for people to distinguish. But as long as we observe carefully, there are still differences. Intuitively speaking, wool products are relatively soft, flexible, flexible, and have a soft color.

Wool burning

Wool products, when burning, smoke and foam while burning, accompanied by the smell of burning hair, ashes, shiny black brittle. Acrylic products, when burning, burn slowly while melting, the flame is white, bright and powerful, slightly black smoke, fishy odor, gray as a white ball, crisp and fragile. Nylon products burn slowly while melting, slightly white smoke when burning, small blue flame, celery scent, and light brown hard pieces, which are not easy to twist and break.