What Are the Different Treatments for Hemangioma in an Infant?

This disease is a benign tumor that originates in the skin and blood vessels, and most often occur in infants or children. More common in head and neck skin, but mucous membranes, liver, brain and

Infant hemangioma

Basic profile of infant hemangioma

This disease is a benign tumor that originates in the skin and blood vessels, and most often occur in infants or children. More common in head and neck skin, but mucous membranes, liver, brain and

Muscles can also occur, with erythematous nevus on the occipital region being the most common. It appears at birth or within three months to six months after birth. It often occurs on the head, face, and neck, affecting the appearance of the baby. Generally, it grows rapidly in 2-8 months, causing parents to worry. Parents' patience coupled with close cooperation with physicians can sometimes be cured without treatment; however, dangerous infant hemangiomas, such as those that grow in the eyes, throat, and extremities, require special attention.

Clinical manifestations of infant hemangiomas

1. Erythema nevus: Also known as telangiectasis or wine-like nevus, it is manifested as one or several dark red or blue-red patches with irregular edges, not higher than the skin surface, and it is easy to fade under pressure. , Often appear at birth, can increase with the growth of the human body, occurs in the pillow and forehead or nose bridge can resolve on its own, large or extensive disease often persist for life.

2. Capillary hemangioma: also known as strawberry-shaped nevus, manifested as one or several bright red, soft, lobular tumors, which will not fade. Occurs in the head and neck, usually does not appear at birth, but appears within a few weeks after birth, increases within a few months, grows rapidly, and can even reach a few centimeters. Most grow up to the maximum within one year of age, and they can degenerate on their own in the future, and they can completely or incompletely disappear within a few years.

3. Cavernous hemangioma: The damage is generally large and occurs spontaneously. It occurs at the original capillary hemangioma or is located under the skin. It is round or irregular in shape and can be higher than the skin surface. Too clear, soft and elastic, mostly light purple or purple blue, can shrink after squeezing, the surface skin is normal or adhesion with the tumor and atrophy. Occurs at birth or shortly after birth. Occurs on the scalp and face and can affect the mucous membranes of the mouth or throat.

Cavernous hemangioma may be associated with thrombocytopenia and purpura. It mainly occurs in infants and occasionally in adults. It is a severe type. About one quarter of cases die from bleeding, respiratory infections or malignant changes.

Pathological diagnosis of infant hemangiomas

1. Erythema nevus: Histopathology shows clustered, enlarged capillaries and mature endothelial cells on the dermis, in the middle, but no endothelial cell proliferation.

2. Capillary hemangiomas: Proliferated capillaries and large and multi-layered endothelial cells can be seen. In some areas with obvious proliferation, the lumen is small and unclear, and fibrosis occurs later.

3, cavernous hemangioma: see extensively expanded thin, large and irregular vascular lumen, similar to sinuses, endothelial cells rarely proliferate, and its outer membrane thickens, forming fibrous thick walls.

Infant hemangioma diagnostic criteria

1. A fixed erythematous lesion can be seen on the surface of the skin, with a slight fading after light pressure.

2. Masses that bulge in the skin tissue can be reduced by compression. Perfusion signs are positive for diagnostic tumors to obtain whole blood or bloody lymphoid tissue fluid.

3. Arterial infantile hemangiomas may have clear arterial pulsations.

4. B-ultrasound and color Doppler inspection can see characteristic images.

5. X-ray modeling examination of the lesion area showed dilated and deformed blood vessel shadows.

6. CT and MRI tests were positive.

Infant Hemangioma Treatment

Infant hemangioma grows rapidly, or involves important organs, or has a tendency to platelets or bleeding, prednisone can be taken. The dosage and usage of the above drugs must be prescribed by your doctor.

In the treatment of hemangiomas, factors such as the type and location of the hemangioma and the age of the patient should be considered. The current treatment methods include surgical resection, radiation therapy, hypothermia treatment, laser treatment, and sclerosing agent injection. Generally, comprehensive treatment is used. For infants and young children's hemangiomas, temporary observation can be considered. A few patients can disappear on their own. If they grow rapidly, they should be surgically removed in time. The effect of radiation therapy is not yet certain, and it is carcinogenic, so it has been rarely used.

Infant or child vascular wall endothelial cells are still in the embryonic state and are more sensitive to hormone therapy. For infants and young children with fast-growing cavernous hemangioma, prednisone can be used for intratumoral injection, or prednisone can be taken orally, which can sometimes make the tumor stop growing or shrink significantly. Hemangiomas in adults are not sensitive to hormones. Cavernous hemangioma can be injected with 3% sodium codole oleate or other vascular sclerosing agents in the tumor cavity to make the tumor tissue fibrosis and block the tumor cavity, causing the tumor to shrink or disappear. It is recommended to temporarily compress the surrounding tissues during the injection to block the blood flow. The injection is to be given once every 1 to 2 weeks. The injection dose depends on the size of the tumor. Generally, sodium codolata does not exceed 5ml at a time. If the effect is not good, it can be removed by surgery or cryotherapy. Facial capillary hemangiomas can be irradiated with argon ion laser. Laser or low-temperature treatment has a certain effect on submucosal cavernous hemangioma, but it is not effective on wine spotted hemangioma.

Resectable hemangiomas can be surgically removed. Removal of hemangioma of the lips and tongue should be based on the premise that it does not affect function. If the tumor is too large, it should be resected in stages to avoid affecting function and appearance. After the resection, the sclerosing agent can be injected into the residual tumor. The wound after the tumor is removed can be directly sutured or repaired with a local skin flap. The large wound must be free of skin grafting, and the hole defect needs tissue transplantation. Intraoperative hemangiomas should be ligated to cut off the arteries communicating with the tumor. Sometimes due to extensive lesions, one or both external carotid arteries should be ligated during surgery to reduce bleeding. In recent years, the use of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) technology has far better hemostatic effect than external carotid ligation. Central jaw hemangioma is very easy to bleed during surgery. Full blood preparation is required, and low temperature and antihypertensive anesthesia are used to control bleeding. Surgery should also ligate one or both external carotid arteries, or directly ligate the alveolar or internal maxillary arteries. Of course, TAE is better. Central jaw hemangioma should be preserved as far as possible. In the case of effective bleeding control, only the bone lesions can be scraped away, and more bone tissue can be retained to maintain the facial appearance. Osteotomy can also be used in cases of excessive bone damage and excessive bleeding.

At present, although there are many methods for treating hemangiomas, the problem of treating some large hemangiomas has not been completely solved.

Key treatments for infant hemangiomas :

The professional surgical method of the surgeon is used to remove the damaged tissues for study abroad to achieve the purpose of treatment. The effect is good for independent and small lesions. In general, the vascular image of the lesion area is rich in blood volume. The volume of blood loss during guided surgery often causes severe hemorrhage. Shock surgery requires a large amount of blood to be imported. Surgery authority is difficult, high risk, and young. At the same time, because the blood can not be completely removed after bleeding, it is forced to terminate the operation. Therefore, the postoperative recurrence rate is very high. Loss and dysfunction. Long-term surgery is expensive. Patients cannot bear the burden. Facial skin capillary hemangioma can be combined with excellent cosmetic skin long-term transplantation to repair the damaged area. Therefore, the founder of surgical treatment should strictly master the indications and weigh the value of the current surgery before determining. Whether to choose the topic surgery cooperation treatment

Cryoinduction therapy for infant hemangiomas :

This method for natural treatment of hemangiomas originates from the age (small superficial lesions can be adopted as appropriate). The operator uses the strong low temperature (-) caused by the volatilization of liquid nitrogen to lower the skin of the lesion area under normal conditions. Hemangiomas and the surrounding tissue of the hemangiomas successfully condense to form ice crystals in the cells and cause the cells to rupture and disintegrate to death. The hemangiomas disappear after the knowledge body repair process, but this method will leave local scars. It is often left after the ear, mouth, corner, nose, ear, ear treatment Severe defect deformities and dysfunction due to the difficulty in controlling the freezing operation and the depth of the editorial board. At the same time, Shanghai's ability to resist low temperatures has become different. It has a higher daily incomplete recurrence, which directly affects the efficacy evaluation. In addition, local scar defect deformities are left. Dysfunction is not the desired result of the subject, but long-term treatment is often ineffective if such conditions do not occur

Infant Hemangioma Radiotherapy:

The article's treatment principle is to use the r-rays generated by radioactive elements to culture and bombard the nucleus of Liaoning tissue in the damaged area to break the DNA strand and RNA strand in it to terminate the synthesis of nuclear protein, cause cell death and disintegration, and then achieve it by treating the internal tissue repair process. The purpose of studying abroad in Hangzhou is commonly used in clinical practice in Hangzhou: shallow X-ray irradiation, cobalt, local irradiation, strontium film, external application of phosphorus colloids, local injection, and other international treatments. After treatment, radioactive damage is left in the treated area, and the epidermis has a scaling phenomenon. Radiation-induced atrophy of core tissue and atrophic scars. Successful experts recommend performing a major surgical resection or cancer will not be ruled out. The attending experts believe that the treating physician should try to avoid the use of radiation therapy during the intensive treatment of hemangiomas.

Infant Hemangiomas Sclerotin Injection Treatment:

This method is derived from the age-old hemorrhoid injection therapy. Its principle is: injecting sclerosis into the hemangioma tumor tissue to date (cannot be injected into the blood vessel) causing aseptic inflammation and swelling to disappear after the local fibrosis reaction causes the hemangioma blood vessels Commonly used drugs for cavity shrinkage or occlusion are: sodium cod oleate; Kuzhiling injection; alum injection; alum Huanglian injection; sodium bicarbonate injection; Pingyangmycin and bleomycin; boiling water injection therapy; urea injection

Infant Hemangioma Laser Treatment:

Utilizing professional laser treatment equipment from China to coagulate the professional tissues of hemangioma and achieve the purpose of treating regional hemangioma, but the depth of laser abdominal cavity treatment is generally controlled within the superficial skin ~ mm, which will cause obvious scars, so it has superficial capillary hemangioma. Certain effects on deep hemangiomas can cause bleeding and scar deformities

Infant Hemangioma Laser Therapy:

(Also known as photodynamic laser therapy) is to inject a photosensitizer into a patient's blood vessel and then irradiate the hemangioma area with a black light lamp or a long-wavelength laser. After the photosensitizer is activated, it produces a photochemical reaction and causes the photosensitivity of the vascular intima and stroma of the hemangioma The process occludes the blood vessel lumen to achieve the purpose of consonance therapy, but this therapy must be strictly written in the process of treatment, or there will be severe photoretinitis after photoendopathitis and fibrous tissue department disease.

Interventional teaching and treatment experience: refers to the introduction of arteriovenous catheters into the site of hemangiomas under the guidance of "X" and then injecting embolic agents into the tumor to produce aseptic inflammation in order to achieve the effect of occluding the tumor vessels. Hepatic hemangioma for the trunk and limb deep hemangioma is often difficult to achieve the desired effect due to the limitation of the dosage form of the injection and the characteristics of the hemangioma. When using it, the current indications should be strictly controlled and embolic agents should be prevented from flowing into other organs and tissues.

Ultrasound Micro-Mediated Surgery for Infant Hemangioma

Ultrasound micro-mediated surgery is a new development of medical technology in the treatment of hemangioma. The use of color Doppler ultrasound guided minimally invasive surgery for hemangiomas is another feature of our research results. The three-dimensional visualization of the hemangioma in the body allows the drug to reach the central lesion of the hemangioma in the body without surgery, with high accuracy, high efficiency, fast healing and no recurrence. It opens a new way for clinical treatment of hemangiomas in the body (liver, etc.) and on the surface. The use of minimally invasive treatment technology has greatly improved the treatment level and technological content of hemangiomas, and has been successfully applied to the treatment of hemangiomas and hemangiomas in various parts of the body surface.

Preoperative care of infant hemangiomas

1. Keep your baby's body clean and take a bath often to prevent sweat from soaking the hemangioma epidermis. Capillary hemangioma has superficial epidermal hemangioma, the epidermis is extremely thin, and it is easy to break if it is immersed in sweat for a long time. In addition, parents should pay special attention when taking a bath, not to scratch the baby's hemangioma.

2. Always trim your baby's nails. Babies like to scratch with their hands, especially the face. Therefore, the baby's nails must be trimmed frequently to avoid scratching the hemangiomas.

3. If you find that your baby has a hemangioma, consult a professional doctor in time to determine the type of hemangioma and make daily observations.