What Are the Signs of a Lithium Overdose?
The main ingredients and chemical name of this product are: lithium carbonate molecular formula: Li 2 CO 3
Molecular weight: 73.89
- Lithium carbonate tablets, the main indication for the treatment of mania, have a good effect on the treatment and prevention of relapse of bipolar affective disorder with alternating episodes of mania and depression, and also have a preventive effect on recurrent depression. It is also used to treat schizo-affective psychosis.
- Drug Name
- Lithium carbonate flakes
- Drug type
- Prescription medicines, essential medicines, medicines for medical workers' injuries
- Use classification
- Lithium preparation
Ingredients of lithium carbonate tablets
- The main ingredients and chemical name of this product are: lithium carbonate molecular formula: Li 2 CO 3
Molecular weight: 73.89
Properties of lithium carbonate flakes
- This product is a white tablet.
Lithium carbonate tablets indications
- The main treatment is mania, which has a good effect on the treatment and prevention of relapse of bipolar affective mental disorder with alternating episodes of mania and depression, and also has a preventive effect on recurrent depression. It is also used to treat schizo-affective psychosis.
Specifications of lithium carbonate flakes
- 0.25g
Usage and dosage of lithium carbonate tablets
- oral. Adult dosage is calculated according to body weight 20 ~ 25mg / kg. Mania treatment dose is 600 ~ 2000mg (2.5 ~ 8 tablets) per day, divided into 2 ~ 3 times. It should be taken after meals to reduce gastric irritation. The dose should be gradually increased and adjusted with reference to the blood lithium concentration. The maintenance dose is 500 to 1000 mg (2 to 4 tablets) per day.
Adverse reactions of lithium carbonate tablets
- Common adverse reactions Dry mouth, thirst, drink more, polyuria, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal pain. Adverse reactions in the nervous system include fine tremor, atrophy, weakness, drowsiness, blurred vision, and hypertenoid reflexes. Can cause increased white blood cells. The exacerbation of the above adverse reactions may be a precursor to poisoning and should be closely observed.
Taboo of lithium carbonate
- Patients with renal insufficiency and severe heart disease are disabled.
Notes on lithium carbonate tablets
- Due to the low therapeutic index of lithium salt, the therapeutic amount and the poisoning amount are close, and the blood lithium concentration should be monitored to help adjust the amount of treatment and maintenance, and timely find the acute poisoning. Blood lithium should be measured every 1-2 weeks during the treatment period, and can be measured once a month during the maintenance treatment period. Blood collection time should be 12 hours after the last dose the next morning. The blood lithium concentration in acute treatment is 0.6 to 1.2 mmol / L, and the blood lithium concentration in maintenance treatment is 0.4 to 0.8 mmol / L. 1.4 mmol / L is regarded as the upper limit of effective concentration, and lithium poisoning is prone to occur beyond this value. Use this product with caution in patients with cerebral organic diseases, severe physical diseases and hyponatremia. Patients taking this product need to pay attention to the large loss of body fluids, such as continuous vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating and other conditions are likely to cause lithium poisoning. Do not use a low-salt diet while taking this product. Long-term medication should be regularly checked for renal and thyroid function.
Lithium carbonate tablets for pregnant and lactating women
- Disabled in the first trimester of pregnancy. Breastfeeding women should stop breastfeeding while using this product.
Lithium carbonate tablets for children
- Children under 12 are disabled. Children over 12 years old start with small doses and slowly increase the dose based on blood lithium concentration.
Lithium carbonate tablets for the elderly
- Reduce the dosage according to the situation, start from a small dose, slowly increase the dose, and pay close attention to the occurrence of adverse reactions.
Lithium carbonate tablets drug interactions
- 1. Combining this product with aminophylline, caffeine or sodium bicarbonate can increase the urine output of this product and reduce blood concentration and efficacy.
2. When this product is used in combination with chlorpromazine and other phenothiazine derivatives, the blood concentration of chlorpromazine can be reduced.
3 This product combined with iodide can cause hypothyroidism.
4 This product is used in combination with norepinephrine, the latter's boosting effect is reduced.
5. This product is used in combination with muscle relaxants (such as succinylcholine, etc.) to enhance the muscle relaxant effect and prolong the effect.
6. This product is used in combination with piroxicam, which can cause high blood lithium concentration and poisoning.
Lithium carbonate tablets overdose
- Symptoms of poisoning: Encephalopathy syndromes such as confusion, tremor, hyperreflexia, seizures and coma, shock, and impaired renal function may occur. When the blood lithium concentration is more than 1.5mmol / L, symptoms of poisoning will occur in different degrees; the blood lithium concentration above 1.5-2.0mmol / L is life-threatening. Elderly or susceptible patients, prone to symptoms of poisoning, should be cautious. Early manifestations include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and other gastrointestinal symptoms, followed by muscle weakness, limb tremor, ataxia, lethargy, confusion, or coma. Treatment: Once signs of poisoning are found, the drug should be stopped immediately, and symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy should be given according to the condition.
Lithium carbonate tablets pharmacology and toxicology
- This product works in the form of lithium ions, and its anti-manic attack mechanism is able to inhibit the release of Ca [sup] 2 + [/ sup] -dependent norepinephrine and dopamine from nerve endings, and promote nerve cells to remove synaptic space The re-uptake of norepinephrine increases its transformation and inactivation, which reduces the concentration of norepinephrine, and also promotes the synthesis and release of serotonin, which helps emotional stability.
Pharmacokinetics of lithium carbonate tablets
- Oral absorption is fast and complete, bioavailability is 100%, apparent volume of distribution (V d ) 0.8L / Kg, plasma clearance (CL) 0.35ml / (min · kg), 0.5 hour blood drug after a single dose The concentration reached its peak. Steady-state concentration is reached in about 5-7 days after conventional administration, and the steady-state concentration of cerebrospinal fluid is slower. Lithium ions do not bind to plasma and tissue proteins, and are distributed throughout the body with body fluids. The concentrations of various tissues are different. The concentration of thyroid and kidney is the highest. The concentration of cerebrospinal fluid is about half of the blood concentration. The half-life (t 1/2 ) in adults is 12 to 24 hours, 18 hours in juveniles, and 36 to 48 hours in elderly. This product does not degrade in the body, no metabolites, most of it is excreted through the kidney, 80% can be reabsorbed by the renal tubules, the renal clearance rate of lithium is quite stable at 15-30ml / min, and the excretion time slows down with age It can be as low as 10 ~ 15ml / min, and the elimination speed varies from person to person, especially related to the sodium ion in the plasma. The sodium salt can promote the excretion of lithium salt through the kidney, and the effective serum lithium concentration is 0.6 to 1.2mmol / L. Can be excreted from breast milk. The half-life of patients with advanced kidney disease is prolonged, and the dose should be adjusted in renal failure.
Storage of lithium carbonate tablets
- Keep sealed.
Lithium carbonate flakes packaging
- Plastic bottles, 100 tablets / bottle; 200 tablets / bottle.
Validity of lithium carbonate tablets
- 24 months
Lithium carbonate tablet implementation standard
- "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2005 edition two