What Factors Affect a Sufficient Glipizide Dose?

Glipizide controlled-release tablets, the indications for this product are suitable for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes) and related factors on the basis of adequate diet control. symptom. This product is suitable for the treatment of hyperglycemia that cannot be controlled by diet alone. Even if the patient has already taken this product, diet control is still very important.

Drug Name: Glipizide Controlled Release Tablets

Drug type: Prescription drugs, medicines for medical workers' injuries
Use classification: Hypoglycemic agents

Glipizide controlled release tablets ingredients

The main ingredient of this product is Glipizide.
Chemical name: 5-methyl-N- [2- [4-[[[(cyclohexylamino) carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl] phenyl] ethyl] pyrazinecarboxamide.
Chemical Structure:

Molecular formula: C ₂₁ H ₂₇ N ₅ O ₄ S
Molecular weight: 445.54

Glipizide Controlled Release Tablets

This product is a white film-coated tablet. After removing the coating, it shows a red-brown and light-red double-layer tablet core.

Glipizide controlled release tablets indications

This product is suitable for the treatment of hyperglycemia and related symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes (also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes) on the basis of adequate diet control. This product is suitable for the treatment of hyperglycemia that cannot be controlled by diet alone. Even if the patient has already taken this product, diet control is still very important. A 12-week rigorous controlled study showed that patients treated with this product had an average reduction in HbA _1C of up to 1.7% (absolute value) compared to placebo.
When starting treatment for type 2 diabetes, diet control should be emphasized as a basic treatment. For obese patients, you must limit calories and lose weight. In controlling blood sugar and alleviating the symptoms of hyperglycemia, proper diet treatment may be effective. The importance of regular physical exercise should be emphasized, cardiovascular risk factors should be identified, and appropriate treatment measures should be taken.
If the above treatments do not relieve symptoms and / or lower blood sugar, oral sulfonylureas should be considered. If further relief of symptoms and / or lowering of blood glucose is required, additional insulin therapy may be considered. Doctors and patients should recognize that this product is an additional treatment for diet therapy, and it can neither replace diet therapy nor serve as a convenient way to avoid diet control. In some cases, the failure to control blood sugar with diet alone may be temporary and only requires short-term treatment with glipizide.
For sulfonylurea drugs including glipizide controlled-release tablets with primary or secondary failure, this product can be considered in combination with other hypoglycemic agents. Alternative methods also include: using other hypoglycemic drugs or insulin instead of this product, if this product can no longer reduce blood sugar, you should stop using it. Efficacy must be judged based on routine clinical and laboratory tests.
When considering the use of this product in asymptomatic patients, it should be understood that the control of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes has not been proven to effectively prevent long-term cardiovascular and neurological complications in patients with diabetes. However, controlling blood glucose in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes can effectively slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and neuropathy.

Glipizide controlled release tablets specifications

(1) 5mg
(2) 10mg

Glipizide controlled-release tablets

Glipizide controlled-release tablets and other hypoglycemic agents have no fixed dose in the treatment of diabetes. HbA _1C and / or blood glucose levels should be monitored to understand the status of blood glucose control and determine the minimum effective dose. If the maximum recommended dose is still not effective in lowering blood glucose, it can be judged as primary failure, and it is effective initially but then no longer able to obtain an effective hypoglycemic response, and can be judged as secondary failure. Home blood glucose monitoring can provide useful information for patients and doctors. Those who are temporarily out of diet therapy can use this product for a short time.
Usually, this product should be taken at the same time as breakfast.
Recommended dosage : The usual starting dose is 5 mg daily, taken at the same time as breakfast. Patients who are more sensitive to hypoglycemic agents can start with lower doses.
The dose should be adjusted according to the results of laboratory blood glucose measurement. Although the fasting blood glucose level can generally reach a steady state after the initial or adjusted dose, a single fasting blood glucose measurement may not accurately reflect the efficacy. In most patients, measuring HbA _1C levels every 3 months is a better way to monitor efficacy.
HbA _1C should be measured at the beginning of treatment with this product and after three months of treatment. If the test results indicate that the blood glucose has not been adequately controlled in the first three months, the dose can be increased. Subsequent dose adjustments should be based on HbA _1C levels measured every three months. If the three-month higher-dose treatment does not improve, the previous dose should be restored. If the dose is adjusted based on fasting blood glucose, the dose adjustment should be performed at least two consecutive times after the blood glucose measurement results at intervals of 7 days or more.
Most patients taking 5-10 mg of this product daily can control blood glucose well, however, some patients need to use the maximum recommended dose of 20 mg per day. When taking more than 10 mg, the patient's glycemic control may improve. However, clinical studies so far have not shown that the application of more than 10 mg of this product can further reduce the average level of glycated hemoglobin A _1C .
The results of randomized crossover studies show that patients taking immediate-release glipizide can safely switch to this product, once a day. The dose can be the closest to the full-day dose of immediate-release glipizide; taking immediate-release glipizide Pyrazine patients can also take this product 5 mg once daily as the initial dose, and gradually adjust to the appropriate dose. The clinical decision should be used to determine the nearest dose or gradually adjust to the optimal dose.
In elderly patients, frail or malnourished patients, and patients with impaired renal and liver function, conservative principles should be adopted in the initial and maintenance doses to avoid hypoglycemic reactions (see the [Precautions] section).
Combination medication :
When other oral hypoglycemic agents are added to the treatment of this product for combined treatment, the combined drug should start from the lowest recommended dose, and the patient should be closely monitored to prevent hypoglycemia. For more information, refer to the product information of the combined drug.
When combined with other oral hypoglycemic agents for the combined treatment, this product can be started from 5 mg. Patients who are more sensitive to hypoglycemic agents can start with lower doses. The dose should be adjusted based on clinical judgment.
Insulin-treated patients : As with other sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs, many patients with stable type 2 diabetes who receive insulin therapy can safely switch to this product. When converting from insulin to treatment with this product, the following principles should be considered:
Patients with a daily insulin dosage of 20 units or less can stop using insulin and start treatment with a regular dose of this product. The dose adjustment should be made several days apart.
In patients with daily insulin dosage exceeding 20 units, the insulin dose should be reduced by 50%, and the regular dose of this product should be used for treatment. The subsequent insulin reduction should be determined according to the patient's response to the treatment, and the dose adjustment should be made several days apart.
During insulin withdrawal, urine glucose and ketone bodies should be checked at least three times a day. Patients should be advised to contact their doctor immediately if the test results are abnormal. For some patients, especially those who use more than 40 units of insulin daily, it is recommended to consider hospitalization for drug conversion.
Patients using other oral hypoglycemic drugs : Like other sulfonylureas, patients do not need to transition to this product. Taking into account the potential additive effects of the drug, when switching from long-life sulfonylureas (such as chlorosulfuramide) to this product, the patients should be closely monitored (1-2 weeks) for hypoglycemia.
Or as directed by your doctor.

Glipizide controlled-release tablets adverse reactions

In controlled studies conducted in the United States, the incidence of serious adverse events was extremely low, and its relevance to the drug has not been determined.
The adverse event evaluation included 580 patients aged 31-87 years who participated in a controlled or open study and took 5 mg to 60 mg of this product. All reported adverse events, whether drug-related or not, are listed below.
Hypoglycemia : See [Precautions] and [Drug Overdose] 3.4% of patients taking this product have hypoglycemia, based on the determination of blood glucose <60 mg / dl, and / or symptoms associated with hypoglycemia. A comparative study of the efficacy of this product and immediate-release glipizide shows that the incidence of hypoglycemia of the two drugs is less than 1%.
Adverse events with a rate of 3% or greater in patients taking this product in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study include:

Adverse events with a incidence of less than 3% in patients taking this product include:
Whole body-Painful nervous system-Insomnia, paresthesia, anxiety, depression, dull feeling Gastrointestinal tract-Nausea, indigestion, constipation and vomiting metabolism-Hypoglycemic muscle and bones-Joint pain, leg cramps and myalgia Cardiovascular system-syncope skin -Sweating and itching respiratory system-Special sensation of rhinitis-Blurred vision of urogenital-Patients taking this product polyuria, other adverse events with a incidence of less than 1% include:
Whole body-chill nervous system-increased muscle tone, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, abnormal gait and decreased libido-gastrointestinal tract-anorexia and trace blood metabolism-thirst and edema cardiovascular-arrhythmia, migraine, facial flushing and high Blood pressure skin-rash and urticaria respiratory system-pharyngitis and dyspnea special sensations-eye pain, conjunctivitis and retinal hemorrhage urogenital-dysuria Although the above adverse events occurred in patients treated with this product, all cases were not confirmed bad The event was drug related.
Gastrointestinal irritation and gastrointestinal bleeding have been reported rarely with another drug using the same sustained-release dosage form technology, although its relevance to the drug is unclear.
Post-marketing experience < br In the post-marketing monitoring of this product, there are the following adverse event reports:
Gastrointestinal tract: abdominal pain, hepatobiliary: rare reports of glipizide with cholestasis and hepatocellular liver injury with jaundice, this product should be discontinued.
The following adverse events occurred in immediate-release glipizide and other sulfonylureas, but were not seen in this product:
Hematology: Sulfonylureas have been reported to cause leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, and pancytopenia.
Metabolic system : Sulfonylureas have been reported to cause hepatic porphyria and alcohol-free sulfur-like reactions. Mice treated with glipizide previously did not cause acetaldehyde accumulation after taking ethanol. Current clinical experience has also shown that the incidence of sulphate-like alcohol reactions to alcohol withdrawal is very low.
Endocrine : There have been cases of hypoglycemia and abnormal antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion after treatment with glipizide and other sulfonylureas.
Laboratory tests: The types of laboratory abnormalities observed after taking glipizide are similar to those of other sulfonylurea drugs. Occasionally aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine Mild to moderate elevation. One case of jaundice has been reported. The relationship between laboratory abnormalities and glipizide has not been determined and rarely causes clinical symptoms.

Glipizide Controlled Release Tablets Contraindications

Glipizide is disabled in the following patients:
1. People who are allergic to any of the ingredients in this product.
2. Patients with type I diabetes, diabetic ketoacid patients with or without coma, should be treated with insulin.

Glipizide Controlled Release Notes

Systemic conditions Macrovascular events : No clinical trials have shown that glipizide or other anti-diabetic drugs can reduce the risk of macrovascular events.
Renal and liver diseases : Glipizide in patients with impaired renal or liver function may have their pharmacokinetic and / or pharmacodynamic properties affected. If the patient has hypoglycemia, the duration of hypoglycemia may be prolonged, and appropriate treatment measures should be taken for this.
Gastrointestinal diseases : Glipizide controlled-release tablets, if the gastrointestinal retention time is significantly shortened, may affect its pharmacokinetic characteristics and then affect the clinical effect of the drug.
Hypoglycemia: All sulfonylureas can cause severe hypoglycemia. Appropriate selection of patients, dosages and proper guidance of medications to patients is very important to avoid hypoglycemia. Renal or liver insufficiency will affect the excretion of glipizide, and liver insufficiency weakens gluconeogenesis, both of which will increase the serious low The risk of blood sugar reactions. Elderly, debilitated and malnourished patients and patients with adrenal or pituitary insufficiency are all susceptible to hypoglycemic response to hypoglycemic drugs. Hypoglycemia is difficult to identify in the elderly and patients using beta blockers. Insufficient caloric intake, strenuous and prolonged exercise, alcohol consumption, or application of more than one type of hypoglycemic drug are more likely to cause hypoglycemia. The combination of hypoglycemic drugs increases the potential for hypoglycemia.
Blood sugar runaway : Patients with stable blood sugar control using a certain type of diabetes treatment plan may experience blood sugar runaway under stress conditions such as fever, trauma, infection or surgery. In this case, this product must be discontinued and treated with insulin.
Any oral hypoglycemic drug, including glipizide, can cause a reduction in the effect of lowering blood glucose to the desired level in many patients over a period of time, possibly because diabetes has progressed to a severe degree or a reduced response to the drug. This phenomenon is called secondary failure to distinguish it from primary failure. The latter is the first time the drug is ineffective for a patient. Before determining the patient as a secondary failure, sufficient dose adjustment and continued adherence should be taken. Diet therapy measures.
Hemolytic anemia : Sulfonylureas can cause hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency. Since glipizide is a sulfonylurea drug, it should be used with caution in patients with G6PD deficiency. For such patients, non-sulfonylurea drugs should be considered. Hemolytic anemia has also been reported in non-G6PD deficiency patients in post-marketing reports.
Laboratory tests : Blood glucose and urine glucose should be monitored regularly. HbA _1C testing may also help.
Information for patients : Patients should be informed that this product must be swallowed whole, not chewed, separated and crushed. Patients do not need to worry about the accidental appearance of a pill-like substance in the feces. This product is wrapped in a non-absorbable shell. The purpose of this design is to slowly release the drug for absorption by the body. When the process is over, the empty shell of the tablet is eliminated.
Patients should be informed of the potential dangers and benefits of this product and other treatment options. Patients should also be informed about the importance of adherence to dietary treatment, regular exercise, and regular testing of urine glucose and / or blood sugar.
The risk of hypoglycemia, its symptoms and treatment, and conditions that may induce hypoglycemia should be explained to patients and their families. Patients should also be informed of the primary and secondary failure of the drug.

Glipizide controlled release tablets for pregnant and lactating women

Pregnancy : Pregnancy Category C: Rat reproduction studies found mild embryotoxicity at all dose levels (5-50 mg / kg), which was observed with other sulfonylureas such as tolbutamide and tolazamide The toxic effects are similar. This effect occurs in the perinatal period and is believed to be directly related to the pharmacological effect of glipizide (lowering blood sugar). Teratogenic effects have not been found in studies in rats and rabbits. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Glipizide should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the embryo.
Recent research data show that abnormal blood glucose levels during pregnancy are associated with a higher incidence of congenital malformations, so many experts recommend using insulin during pregnancy to maintain blood glucose as close to normal as possible.
Non-teratogenic effects : It has been reported that mothers use sulfonylureas during childbirth, resulting in severe hypoglycemia in newborns for a long time (4-10 days). These reports are more common in patients using long half-life drugs. If glipizide is used during pregnancy, it should be discontinued at least one month before the due date.
Lactation : Although it is not known whether glipizide will be excreted from human milk, some sulfonylureas are known to be excreted from milk. Can cause hypoglycemia in infants, so the importance of drug treatment to the mother should be considered to decide whether to stop breastfeeding or stop medication. If medication is discontinued and diet alone is not sufficient to control blood sugar, insulin therapy should be considered.

Glipizide controlled release tablets for children

The safety and effectiveness of child use have not been established.

Glipizide controlled-release tablets for elderly

In clinical studies of this product, patients aged 65 years and over account for 33% of all patients. Elderly patients take about 1-2 days longer to reach steady state than younger patients (see the section on Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Dosage and Administration section for details).
No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between younger and older patients, but some patients were not ruled out to be more sensitive to the drug. Therefore, attention should be paid to elderly, debilitated or malnourished patients, and those with adrenergic or pituitary insufficiency are particularly prone to hypoglycemia caused by hypoglycemic agents. Hypoglycemia may be difficult to recognize in older people. In addition, in elderly, debilitated or malnourished patients, and patients with renal or liver dysfunction, care should be taken to determine the starting and maintenance doses to avoid hypoglycemic reactions.

Glipizide controlled-release tablets drug interactions

Certain drugs can enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs with high protein binding, salicylic acid, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, probenecid, coumarin, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and beta blockers. When patients taking this product receive these medications, the occurrence of hypoglycemia should be closely monitored. When these drugs are discontinued in patients treated with glipizide, close attention should be paid to poor glycemic control. In vitro glipizide and human serum protein binding studies showed that glipizide differs from tolbutamide and has no interaction with salicylic acid and dicoumarin. However, these findings should be used with caution when used clinically or with glipizide.
Some medicines have a tendency to raise blood sugar, which can lead to uncontrolled blood sugar. These include thiazines and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid preparations, estrogen, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blockers, and isoniazid. Patients taking glipizide should closely monitor the patient's blood glucose control when using these drugs, and should closely monitor hypoglycemia when stopping using these drugs.
It has been reported that there may be an interaction between oral miconazole and hypoglycemic drugs leading to severe hypoglycemia. It is unclear whether this interaction occurs when miconazole is administered intravenously, topically or vaginally. A placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted in healthy volunteers to study the effects of the combined use of dafukang (fluconazole) and glipizide. All subjects first took glipizide alone, and then gave Dafukang 100 mg once a day for 7 days. After using fluconazole, the area under the curve (AUC) of glipizide increased by an average of 56.9%. (Range 35-81%).
Although no related studies have been conducted, voriconazole may increase the blood concentration of sulfonylureas (eg, tolbutamide, glipizide, and glibenclamide), leading to hypoglycemia. It is recommended that blood glucose be monitored carefully when the drug is used in combination.

Glipizide controlled-release tablets overdose

No information on human overdose of this product has been recorded. There have been no reports of intentional overdose of this product in an attempt to commit suicide. Preclinical studies have shown that the acute toxicity of glipizide in animals of all species is extremely low (LD ₅₀ greater than 4 g / kg). Overdose of sulfonylureas including glipizide can cause hypoglycemia. Symptoms of mild hypoglycemia without loss of consciousness or nervous system performance should be treated by promptly taking oral glucose, adjusting drug doses, and / or adjusting dietary patterns, and should be closely monitored until the doctor believes that the patient is out of danger. Severe hypoglycemia reactions with coma, convulsions, or other neurological damage are rare, but they must be hospitalized immediately for emergency treatment. If a hypoglycemic coma is diagnosed or suspected, a high-concentration (50%) glucose solution should be injected intravenously immediately followed by a continuous infusion of the diluted glucose (10%) solution to maintain the blood glucose level above 100 mg / dl. Patients should be closely monitored for at least 24-48 hours, and hypoglycemia may occur again after clinical symptoms have improved significantly. Glipizide clearance is prolonged in patients with liver disease. Since glipizide is mostly protein bound, dialysis may not be effective.

Glipizide Controlled Release Tablets Pharmacology and Toxicology

Clinical pharmacology : This product is a sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic drug. <br /> Mechanism of action : Glipizide achieves its rapid hypoglycemic effect by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas. The effect of this product depends on the function of islet cells. Extrapancreatic effects also play a part in the mechanism of action of sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic drugs. Extrapancreatic effects that increase insulin sensitivity and reduce liver glucose production are more important in the mechanism of action of glipizide. However, the mechanism of long-term use of glipizide to lower blood sugar is not very clear. Importantly, glipizide stimulates the secretion of diet-responsive insulin. This product can enhance the insulin-promoting effect of food in patients with diabetes. After 6 months of treatment with this product, the postprandial insulin and C-peptide response continued to increase. Two randomized, double-blind, dose-response studies involving a total of 347 patients showed that despite a slight increase in fasting insulin levels in patients taking certain doses, the fasting insulin levels of the entire glipizide-treated population were not compared to placebo Significantly increased. Long-term use of this product did not increase fasting insulin levels.
Some patients may have primary or secondary failure of sulfonylureas, including glipizide, and some patients may be effective in cases of primary or secondary failure of other sulfonylureas.
Hypoglycemic effect : In 4 clinical studies including 598 patients with type 2 diabetes and their open extension studies, the efficacy of this product 5-60 mg once daily was evaluated, compared with placebo, mild to severe type 2 Patients with diabetes taking 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg of this product daily can significantly reduce HbA _1C , fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose. The summary analysis of the 5 mg and 20 mg dose groups showed that the relationship between the dose and the reduction in HbA _1C had not been determined, but the 20 mg and 5 mg treatment groups had a more significant reduction in fasting blood glucose, and the difference was statistically significant.
The reduction of HbA _1C and fasting blood glucose in young and elderly patients is similar. Gender, race, and weight (as assessed by body mass index) have no effect on the efficacy of this product. Long-term extension studies have shown that for up to 12 months, the efficacy of 81% of patients remains stable.
In an open, biphasic crossover study, 132 patients were randomly assigned to the glipizide controlled-release tablet group and the glipizide group for 8 weeks, and then cross-treated with another drug for 8 weeks, with glipizide In comparison, Glipizide controlled-release tablets can significantly reduce fasting blood glucose, and the improvement of HbA _1C is similar.
Other effects : Studies have shown that this product can effectively control blood sugar, and has no adverse effects on blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes.
A placebo-controlled, crossover study in normal volunteers showed that glipizide has no antidiuretic effect. In fact, it can lead to a slight increase in free water clearance.
Carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and effects on fertility: 20-month studies in rats and 18-month studies in mice show that taking glipizide 75 times the maximum human dose, no drug-related carcinogenic effects; bacteria and in vivo The mutagenicity tests were all negative; in the study of female and male rats, the use of glipizide at 75 times the human dose had no effect on fertility.

Glipizide Controlled Release Tablets Pharmacokinetics

Glipizide immediate release tablets can be quickly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Patients with type 2 diabetes take a single dose of glipizide with an absolute bioavailability of 100%. Glipizide controlled-release tablets began to increase in plasma concentration 2-3 hours after oral administration, and reached a peak within 6-12 hours. Glipizide controlled-release tablets were administered once a day continuously. Glipizide maintained an effective blood concentration in a 24-hour dose interval, and the peak-to-valley fluctuation was significantly lower than that of glipizide immediate-release tablets twice a day. Relative bioavailability of glipizide controlled-release tablets at steady state compared with glipizide immediate-release tablets (10 mg twice daily) in 21 men with type 2 diabetes The average degree is 90%. Twenty-one male patients with type 2 diabetes who are younger than 65 years of age have reached steady-state plasma concentrations after 5 days of taking glipizide controlled-release tablets, while 24 elderly (65 years) men and women 2 It takes 1-2 days for patients with type 2 diabetes to reach steady state. There was no evidence of drug accumulation in patients with type 2 diabetes who used glipizide controlled-release tablets for a long time. Taking this product and food at the same time has no effect on the drug absorption delay time (2-3 hours). A study of the effects of single-dose food on 21 healthy male subjects showed that the average peak concentration of glipizide Cmax increased by 40% after taking this product before high-fat breakfast, which has significant significance, but has an effect on the area under the curve (AUC) at the time of medicine Not significant. There is no difference in blood sugar response between taking the product and taking it on an empty stomach. If the gastrointestinal dwell time is significantly shortened (such as short bowel syndrome), it will affect the pharmacokinetic properties of this product. Blood may lead to a decrease in plasma concentration. A multi-dose study of 26 male patients with type 2 diabetes showed that between 5-60 The pharmacokinetics of glipizide in the mg dose range is linear, that is, the plasma concentration increases proportionally with increasing dose. A single-dose study of 24 healthy subjects suggested that 4 tablets of 5 mg, 2 tablets of 10 mg, and 1 tablet of 20 mg were bioequivalent. Another 36-patient single-dose study confirmed that 4 tablets 2.5 mg and 1 tablet of 10 mg are bioequivalent.
Glipizide is mainly eliminated by liver biotransformation. Less than 10% of the dose of glipizide is excreted from the urine and feces in its original form, and about 90% of the dose is biotransformed from the urine (80%) and feces (10 %)discharge. Glipizide's main metabolite is an aromatic hydroxylation reaction product, which has no hypoglycemic activity; the secondary metabolite accounts for less than 2% of the dose taken and is an acetylethylbenzene derivative. It is reported that its hypoglycemic activity is 1/10-1/3 of the parent compound. After a single dose of intravenous glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes, the average total clearance rate is 3 liters per hour, and the average apparent volume of distribution is 10 liters. Lipiprazine binds primarily to albumin. After single and multiple doses of type 2 diabetes, the average clearance half-life of glipizide is 2-5 hours. Compared with young healthy volunteers, there was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of single-dose glipizide in elderly diabetic patients.
Currently, there is limited information on the effects of renal impairment on glipizide excretion, and the effect of liver disease on excretion of this product is unknown. Due to the high-binding properties of glipizide and protein, and liver biotransformation is the main excretion pathway of this product, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties of glipizide may change when the kidney or liver is damaged.
Glipizide and its metabolites were not detected by autoradiography in the brain tissue and spinal cord of female or male mice, and in the fetus of pregnant mice. Another study showed that rats took labeled drugs Later, very little radioactivity can be detected in their fetus.

Glipizide Controlled Release Tablets Storage

Sealed and stored at 30 ° C, protected from moisture.

Glipizide controlled release tablets packaging

5mg: double aluminum blister pack, 14 tablets / box.
10mg: High density polyethylene plastic bottle packaging, 7 tablets / bottle, 14 tablets / bottle.