What Is a Gingival Graft?

The tissues around the teeth are called periodontal tissues, also called tooth supporting tissues, including alveolar bone, gums, periodontal ligament and cementum.

The tissues around the teeth are called periodontal tissues, also called tooth supporting tissues, including alveolar bone, gums, periodontal ligament and cementum.

The structure of periodontal tissue The periodontal tissue is composed of three parts: periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gums (commonly known as dental flos). Its main function is to support, fix and nourish teeth.

Periodontal ligament is a kind of dense fibrous tissue. One end is embedded in the cementum and the other is connected to the alveolar bone. In fact, the teeth are suspended in the alveolar socket through the periodontal ligament, so that the teeth can be firmly fixed in the jaw The alveolar socket of the bone has a certain elasticity, which is good for buffering the chewing force of the teeth.

Alveolar bone It surrounds the protruding part of the jawbone around the root of the tooth to form an alveolar socket. The root of the tooth is upright and tightly connects the tooth and the alveolar bone. It is not loose and easy to chew.

Gum is covered on the surface of the alveolar bone and surrounds the neck of the tooth. The edge is curved. The gum between the two teeth is wedge-shaped. It is called a gingival papilla. Normal gums are pink, tough and slightly elastic, so they can chew pressure and tolerate food friction. The nerves and blood vessels of the dental pulp are connected to the blood vessels and nerves of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament through the apical foramen. Nutrients are supplied to the pulp through the blood to nourish the teeth, so teeth and periodontal tissues are closely related.

Periodontal disease is classified by pathology as inflammation, degenerative change, atrophy, trauma, hyperplasia, etc .; it is classified by clinical manifestations as acute, chronic, simple, complex, complex, etc .; it is classified as bacterial infection by etiology. Sexual, functional, traumatic, medicinal, idiopathic, etc.

Chinese name

Periodontal tissue

Also called

Dental support

Classification of Periodontal Tissues

Gingivitis: acute gingivitis (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, gingival papillitis, acute multiple gingival abscess), chronic gingivitis (simple gingivitis, hypertrophic gingivitis, adolescent gingivitis, and gingivitis during pregnancy).

Gingival hyperplasia (drug-induced gingival hyperplasia, hereditary gingival fibromatosis).

Periodontitis: Adult periodontitis (simple periodontitis, combined periodontitis), adolescent periodontitis (diffuse, localized), rapid progressive periodontitis, prepubertal periodontitis, accompanied by Periodontitis of systemic disease (Down syndrome, diabetic periodontitis). Gingivitis refers to a group of diseases that occur in the gum tissue without invading other periodontal tissues. Gingival hyperplasia refers to some non-inflammatory proliferation of the gums caused by factors other than local stimuli. Periodontitis is a violation of gums and periodontal support. Chronic inflammatory and destructive diseases of tissues are mainly characterized by periodontal pocket formation and inflammation of the bag wall, alveolar bone resorption and gradual loosening of teeth, which are the main causes of tooth loss in adults.

The 1989 World Symposium on Clinical Periodontology will divide periodontal disease into:

Adult periodon titis.

early-onest periodontitis: diffuse or localized prepubertal, diffuse or localized juvenile, and rapidly progressive periodontitis.

Periodontitis associated with systemic diseases. These systemic diseases include Down syndrome, type I diabetes, and AIDS.

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis.

refractory periodontitis.

Implant risk

As we all know, there are many factors that affect the aesthetic restoration effect of implants, but the good anatomical structure of the soft and hard tissues in the implant area is the foundation of implant aesthetic restoration. The stability of the alveolar ridge top position and the height of the bone around the neck edge of the implant affects the long-term function of the implant. The key factors of the aesthetic effect are further in-depth with the basic research and clinical research. It is found that the immediate implantation technology during the extraction period cannot prevent the absorption of the lip lateral bone plate, especially the thin and tall periodontal biological tissue type, which is more prone to lip. The absorption of the lateral bone plate, the gingival gingival margin of the final implant prosthesis shrinks, is inconsistent with the adjacent gingival gingival margin, and has a different color, and the aesthetic effect is not ideal. The type of hypertrophic and low-period periodontal tissues has a lower risk of lip bone absorption, and it is easy to obtain an aesthetic restoration effect. For cases of anterior tooth implants with thin and tall periodontal biological tissue types, a thorough treatment plan must be formulated before surgery, and correct and reasonable treatment measures must be taken: 1. Master the best time for implant implantation, in order to prevent alveolar bone after tooth extraction The absorption of the soft tissue on the lip, the collapse of the soft tissue on the lip, and the loss of the gingival papillae. Through the extraction of denture bone and free gingival transplantation technology, the original beautiful soft tissue anatomy is preserved. After 2 to 4 months of healing, implant implantation and immediate repair. 2. In order to ensure that the thickness of the implant lip plate is greater than 2mm, the GBR technology is a conventional technology. 3. Adopt free connective tissue transplantation technology to increase the thickness of the gums of the neck of the implant to ensure the coordination and grace of the gingival margin curve. 4. Reasonably apply implant transitional dentures, plasticize the gum cuffs, stabilize the position of the gingival margins of the lips, and choose porcelain abutments and all-ceramic crowns that do not affect the color of the soft tissue to ensure the final aesthetic restoration effect.