What Are Eye Nerves?

Ocular nerve: It is the sensory nerve that mainly controls the sensations of the eyeballs, lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, and frontal nasal skin. It is the thinnest of the trigeminal nerves, starting from the semilunar to the front side of the forward cavernous sinus under the eye movement and the two nerves Into the orbit through the supraorbital fissure, branches of the lacrimal gland nerve are distributed in the lacrimal gland and the combined membrane; the frontal nerve is distributed in the frontal and anterior cranial skin; the nasal and ciliary nerves are distributed in the skin of the nose and tip of the nose. The ciliary ganglion is located at the orbital apex and the outer side of the ophthalmic artery, and is divided into three roots: long root, short root, and sympathetic root. They are connected to the naso-ciliary nerve, the oculomotor nerve, and the cavernous sinus sympathetic plexus, respectively.

Ocular nerve: It is the sensory nerve that mainly controls the sensations of the eyeballs, lacrimal glands, conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, and frontal nasal skin. It is the thinnest of the trigeminal nerves, starting from the semilunar to the front side of the forward cavernous sinus under the eye movement and the two nerves Into the orbit through the supraorbital fissure, branches of the lacrimal gland nerve are distributed in the lacrimal gland and the combined membrane; the frontal nerve is distributed in the frontal and anterior cranial skin; the nasal and ciliary nerves are distributed in the skin of the nose and tip of the nose. The ciliary ganglion is located at the orbital apex and the outer side of the ophthalmic artery, and is divided into three roots: long root, short root, and sympathetic root. They are connected to the naso-ciliary nerve, the oculomotor nerve, and the cavernous sinus sympathetic plexus, respectively.

Chinese name

Eye nerve

Foreign name

ophthalmic nerve

Optic Nerve Morphological Structure and Intraorbital Branches:

The eye nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve and is the sensory nerve. It starts from the trigeminal ganglion and runs through the outer wall of the cavernous sinus. It is divided into the lacrimal gland nerve, frontal nerve, and nasal ciliary nerve near the superior orbital fissure. It enters the orbit through the supraorbital fissure, and branches are distributed in the eyeball, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and nasal mucosa. The frontal nerve is divided into the superior nerve and the orbital nerve, and penetrates through the orbital angle and the supraorbital notch (hole), respectively, and is distributed on the dorsal nose and the parietal skin above the forehead. The ophthalmic nerve passes through the cavernous sinus, enters the orbit through the supraorbital fissure, and is divided into 3 branches in the orbit: the lacrimal nerve, the frontal nerve, and the nasolacrimal nerve. If the ophthalmic nerve is damaged, the sensory area of the innervated area becomes impaired.

Ocular nerve and ophthalmic nerve related diseases:

1. Oculomotor nerve palsy: the oculomotor nerve nucleus is located in the ventral gray matter around the aqueduct at the level of the midbrain quadrilateral, and the fibers generated by the nucleus pass through to the ventral side, on the medial side of the brain foot, and the superior cerebellar artery Leaving the brain stem from the posterior cerebral artery and walking on the outer upper corner of the cavernous sinus, it is divided into two branches via the supraorbital fissure and enters the orbit. The upper branch supplies the superior levator muscle and the upper rectus muscle, and the lower branch supplies the inner rectus muscle and Muscle, lower oblique muscle, pupil sphincter, and ciliary muscle. Therefore, oculomotor nerve palsy can occur: drooping of the eyelid, exotropia, dilation of the pupil, disappearance of light response and adjustment response. Due to drooping eyelids, diplopia was concealed. The patient's exotropia is caused by paralysis of the medial rectus muscle and loss of antagonism of the lateral rectus muscle. The patient cannot move the eyeball upwards, downwards, and inwards. Pupil dilation is caused by shrinking fibrosis. Etiology includes aneurysms, especially aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery, superior cerebellar artery, and posterior communicating artery. The most common causes are other aneurysms, such as tumor compression, trauma, infection, and diabetes. Oculomotor palsy can occur alone or in combination with other managements.

After the oculomotor nerve is damaged, except for the rectus and superior oblique muscles, the other eye muscles on the same side are paralyzed, the eyelids are drooping, the eyeballs are exotropia, the eyeballs cannot move inward, upward, and downward, and the pupils reflect and adjust light Reflections disappeared, pupils dilated, and so on. And because of the paralysis of the ciliary muscle, the regulation of the crystal is impaired, so that myopia is blurred. More common in tumors, injuries, severe infections and other causes.

2, periodic oculomotor nerve palsy: also known as ophthalmoplegicmigraine, oculomotor neuropathy. It is a clinically specific symptom of oculomotor nerve innervation and paralysis of the inner and outer muscles. Oculomotor nerve palsy, which develops as a precursor to migraine, occurs at regular intervals, and the pupils contract and enlarge. According to its characteristics, it is divided into migraine period, paralysis period and intermittent period. The paralysis period (phase) can last for 1 to 3 minutes; the spasticity period (phase) is 1/2 to 11/2 minutes, and the pupils have no light reaction at any period (phase). There was no blink movement of the eyelids during the spasm phase. Cyclical changes still occur during sleep, but the cycle becomes slower and the amplitude becomes smaller. Periodic motion disappears during deep anesthesia. Atropine and post-matropine can enlarge the affected pupil to a large extent, and the cyclic changes of the pupil disappear. Although cocaine can make the pupil large, cyclic changes still exist, but the amplitude is smaller than before. Mystine and pilocarpine make the pupils extremely small, and the cycle phenomenon disappears. The pupil does not respond to adrenaline. The cause of this disease is unknown, and is congenital, with unilateral onset. No special treatment.