What Are Hematopoietic Stem Cells?
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are blood stem cells (xàè) , blood stems (gàn), and stem cells (bo) (HSCs). They are heterogeneous groups with long-term self-renewal capabilities and The potential to differentiate into various types of mature blood cells. It is the longest and most in-depth study of adult stem cells. It has important guiding significance for the study of various types of stem cells, including tumor stem cells.
- Chinese name
- Hematopoietic stem cells
- Foreign name
- Hematopoietic stem cells, HSCs
- Pronunciation
- zào xuè gàn xì bo
- Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are blood stem cells (xàè) , blood stems (gàn), and stem cells (bo) (HSCs). They are heterogeneous groups with long-term self-renewal capabilities and The potential to differentiate into various types of mature blood cells. It is the longest and most in-depth study of adult stem cells. It has important guiding significance for the study of various stem cells, including tumor stem cells.
Hematopoietic stem cell characteristics
- The life of mature cells in the blood system is extremely short. Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells need to supplement each mature cell component of the blood system in a timely manner according to the physiological needs of the body. At the same time, under stress such as injury and inflammation, hematopoietic stem cells also play a role in regulating and maintaining the physiological balance of various cellular components of the blood system in the body. In 1961, Till JE, McCulloch EA confirmed the existence of hematopoietic stem cells for the first time in mice with spleen nodules. After the 1980s, Weissman and other laboratories successively isolated highly purified hematopoietic stem progenitor cells at different stages through cell surface labeling. In the study of mouse hematopoietic stem cells, the isolation of hematopoietic stem cells was achieved by using cell surface markers Lineage Sca-1c-kit or cell metabolism characteristics (side population cells) by means of flow cytometry. In the 1990s, CD34, a cell surface marker, was introduced to distinguish between long-term and short-term hematopoietic stem cells in mice. After entering the 21st century, hematopoietic stem cells were further enriched based on SLAM family molecules (CD41, CD48, and CD150). The expression of SLAM molecules in hematopoietic stem cells was relatively stable, and it could be widely used in experimental mice of various strains. Human HSC surface marker research has also developed in parallel. Currently, the widely used surface marker of human hematopoietic stem cells is LineageCD34CD38.
Relationship between hematopoietic stem cells and tumors
- Most leukemias, especially acute sacral leukemia (AML) and chronic sacral leukemia (CML), are directly or indirectly related to abnormal hematopoietic stem cells. CML is a common type of leukemia that is the most classic type of chromosomal translocation that causes hematopoietic stem cell malignancy. Most other acute myeloid leukemias are directly malignant from progenitor cells. Hematopoietic stem cells first acquire major pathogenic mutations such as chromosomal translocations, but do not affect their ability to differentiate into normal-functioning mature cells. When chromosomal translocated hematopoietic stem cells or cells downstream of their differentiation obtain a second blow, Can cause leukemia.
- Hematopoietic stem cells also play a role in the regulation of the solid tumor microenvironment. For example, prostate tumor cells mimic the molecular signals of hematopoietic stem cells, enter the hematopoietic microenvironment, and cause changes in the expression profile of hematopoietic stem cells to force hematopoietic stem cells to leave. They can also migrate by expressing hematopoietic cells. The related molecules leave the hematopoietic microenvironment and eventually lead to tumor metastasis.
- In clinical treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely used in hematological diseases and autoimmune diseases. In the treatment of other solid tumors, such as lymphoma, germ cell tumor, breast cancer, and small cell lung cancer, it is mainly used in routine treatment failure or difficult to relapse. And patients with poor prognostic factors.