What is biosynthesis?

Biosynthesis or biosynthetic path is a description of the steps of chemical reactions that occur when the living organism creates a new complex molecule from simpler smaller precursors. The word "biosynthesis" comes from two root words: "bio", suggesting that the reaction takes place in the living organism, unlike the laboratory; and "synthesis", which suggests that simple default materials are combined to create larger products. To sum up these chemical reactions, the path of biosynthesis, which is divided into every step. Extraordinary relevant information, such as enzymes, coenzymes, and coffee -discovery, are often included in the full description of the path.

Not all molecules used by the living organism must be directly synthesized by the organism itself. These necessary molecules are often obtained instead of the surroundings. For example, people are unable to synthesize essential amino acids such as lysine ;; These nutrients instead come from protein -rich foods such as FAZole and tree nuts. Cells generally synthesize only those molecules that are either rare or are not easily obtained from their environment. The cell then combines this precursor with other small molecules and chemically modifies the product along the path. In every step, the substrate gradually resembles the final product. The path of biosynthesis with multiple steps can have dozens of steps along the way that undergo a constant modification of enzymes until the final compound is formed.

study of biosynthesis can bring many practical insights into drugs for human diseases. Understanding the chemistry of the human body clearly helps when the disease results from non -functional biosynthesis. Sometimes, however, the study of the biosynthetic paths of other organisms can also discover valuable traces for the development of new drugs.

Many scientists have turned their attention to studying plant biosynthesis, especially related to natural products. Extracts from some plants may have strongPharmacological effects that can be used to create powerful new drugs. For example, digitalis, an active compound extracted from a conventional fox is used to treat heart disease. By obtaining an understanding of the biosynthesis of the natural product, chemists can get insight into how synthesized the drug and potentially mimics its synthesis in the laboratory. In the end, biologists would like to clone and produce transgenic organisms that would be created to produce natural products at greater concentration and purity at a fraction of the price.

Biosynthetic pathways have been clarified for many common molecules such as fatty acids, amino acids and nucleotides. However, many paths must still be discovered. Perhaps the drugs of the future will find their origin in biosynthetic pathways that are now being examined.