What Is a Neural Plate?

In vertebrate embryos, they will develop into parts of the nervous system in the future; cell plates formed by thickening the ectoderm of the embryo's back. The front end is wide and develops into the brain; the back end is narrow and develops into the spinal cord.

In vertebrate embryos, they will develop into parts of the nervous system in the future; cell plates formed by thickening the ectoderm of the embryo's back. The front end is wide and develops into the brain; the back end is narrow and develops into the spinal cord.

Chinese name

Neural plate

Foreign name

neural plate

nickname

Pith plate

Shape

Racket shape

Nerve plate anatomy:

1 Neural plate 1, neural plate:

A plate-like structure formed by the thickened ectoderm of the vertebrate embryo on the dorsal side of the chordae. The spinal cord stretches forward, inducing the neural plate to grow forward.

2 Nerve plate 2, spinal cord:

The spinal cord has a slightly flat front and back cylinders of varying length and thickness. It is located in the spinal canal. The upper end is connected to the medulla at the foramen magnum. The lower end is tapered and called a spinal cone. The tip of the cone continues as a filament. Silk, terminal silk down through the sacral canal and finally the back of the second coccyge, the adult spinal cord is about 42 to 45 cm in length.

The spinal cord has two enlargements. The upper one is called the cervical enlargement, which is located in the third segment of the cervical spinal cord to the second segment of the thoracic spinal cord. It is the thickest at the sixth segment of the cervical spinal cord. Conical, thickest at the 12th thoracic spine. The formation of these two swellings is related to the appearance of the limbs, due to the increase of neurons inside the spinal cord.

There are six longitudinal grooves parallel to each other on the surface of the spinal cord. The anterior (ventral) median fissure is called the anterior (ventral) median fissure. The anterior (ventral) lateral groove is located on the anterolateral side, and the anterior root exits there. There is a shallow groove in the middle of the back. , Called the posterior (dorsal) median sulcus, the posterolateral dorsal (dorsal) lateral sulcus, the posterior root fibers enter the spinal cord from there. Between the posterior medial sulcus and the posterolateral sulcus, there is also the posterior middle sulcus. The anterior and posterior root fibers meet at the intervertebral foramen to form the spinal nerve. Before confluence, an enlargement is formed at the posterior root, called the spinal ganglia, which contains pseudomonopolar sensory neurons. The spinal cord emits 31 pairs of spinal nerves in total. The spinal cord corresponding to each pair of spinal cords is called the spinal cord segment. There are 31 segments in total, including 8 cervical segments, 12 thoracic segments, 5 lumbar segments, 5 iliac segments, and 1 Tail section.

During the development of the spinal cord and spine, due to the imbalance in the growth rate of the two (the growth rate of the spinal cord is slower than that of the spine), the lower end of the adult spinal cord reaches only the lower edge of the first lumbar vertebra, so the spinal nerve roots around the lumbar, iliac, and tail surround The terminal filaments are gathered into a bunch of filaments and descend vertically, forming a pony tail. Since there is no spinal cord below the first lumbar vertebra, puncture is generally performed clinically between the third to fourth lumbar vertebrae.

3 Neural plate 3. Brain:

The brain is the main part of the central nervous system of vertebrates and humans. It is the organ and material basis of psychological activity and is located in the cranial cavity. Can be divided into the brain, cerebellum and brain stem (including the mesencephalon, midbrain, pontine and medulla) and other parts. The brain is mainly composed of nerve cells, namely neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the functional centers of the brain. The average brain of modern adults is about 1200-1500 grams. There is no corresponding quantitative relationship between brain development and brain weight. As far as the physiological structure of the brain is concerned, the development of the brain is related to an increase in the area of the cerebral cortex, a high degree of differentiation of the cortical cells and a tight structure. The higher the animal, the more developed the brain. The human brain is gradually evolved from the ape brain, driven by labor and language. The relationship between brain and psychology, which involves the physiological basis of psychological activity, is a complex and very important issue that has been discussed for a long time in psychology. Psychology is the function of the brain. Human psychology is generated by the brain. Scientific evidence proves that if human brain is damaged, psychological activities will be severely damaged. However, the brain alone cannot carry out normal psychological activities. The human brain can develop psychological activities only under the effect of objective reality. Human practical activities are not only an important condition for the development and development of psychology, but also have a huge impact on changes in the physical substance of the mind, the brain itself.

The morphological structure of the neural plate:

The neural plate is also called the myeloid plate. It is mainly produced in the middle of the ectoderm after the formation of primitive intestines in the early stage of chordomas. It is racket-shaped, and the posterior part is narrow and hypertrophic.

The end of the neural plate is in most cases connected to the closed origin. The rearmost part of the neural plate forms the somite of the posterior trunk and tail, which is mesodermal, which is well known in amphibians. As the development progressed, the ectoderm bulge around the neural plate became a neural fold, and soon became a neural tube because the neural folds on both sides closed in the middle of the dorsal side. In amphibians, some fishes, and round mouths, there are typical neural plates. [1]