What is an axon membrane?
Typical nerve cell, also called neuron, has different structural and functional parts. His main body called Soma creates an electric pulse. This signal passes through a long, thin extension called Axon. Like the home electric wire, it must be covered with an outer sleeve of insulation, the axon membrane acts as a protective cloak for bioelectric transmission. A chemically accurate healthy membrane is essential for a fully functioning human brain and a nervous system.
The only microscopic axon fiber in the human body may be short, but it can also be 4.9 feet long (1.5 meters) or more. At the other end of the axon terminal, the electrical signal is released. It could release energy to excite another neuron, closed muscles or for any number of other body functions, including intelligent thinking. In the event of a signal transition to another neuron, the body of the recipient of the cells has a small and short protrusion called dendrites. The axon to dendrites passes a small gap between them called synapse.
nerve cells have only one axon and its electrical signal flows only in one direction. However, Axon can repeatedly divide and ventilate the numerous ends of the terminal. This is particularly important in the brain where the only electrical pulse can stimulate several other neurons. The resulting cascade of the terminal branching can be in thousands. Further combining the connection is the "en passant" synapses, in which dendrites of other nerves fit into the axon rod itself, not their terminal endings.
The structure and chemical properties of the axon membrane are what allows it to contain an electrical charge, force its flow in one direction and transfer the signal to other cell cells. For most types of nerve cells, Axon is isolated inside the protection case called Myelin. This layer of the axon membrane is clamped at regular intervals called "Ranvier nodes". These gaps without myelin effectively fromEsilat the incoming electrical signal and forces its rapid one -way transmission. The signal is not the only uninterrupted wave; Pulze in the axon from the knot to the knot.
The integrity and health of the axon membrane is known to be one of the keys to the debilitating neurological disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is caused by demyelinous nerve axons. Other disorders include temporary trauma to the myelin cladow called neurabraxia, which blocks the nervous ability to perform electricity and usually leads to a loss of sensory feeling or muscles above the affected area.
The axon membrane is necessarily designed to contain an electric charge to prevent its leakage. However, it seems that this seems to happen at the ends of the axon terminal. Scientists studying molecular structure and chemical composition of synapses now understand that signal transmission is in fact chemical. Electric fuel energy change in chemicals, especially sodium and potassium, allowing them to exceed membranes via Speciralized hollow proteins called ion channels.