What Is the Fascia Lata?

It is the thickest fascia in the whole body, which surrounds the muscles of the femoral muscles. Attached to the anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament, pubic bone, ischial tuberosity, and sacral nodule ligament. The upper part of the lateral femur is a two-layered fascia lata muscle; the posterior part is continuous with the gluteal fascia and attached to the iliac The outer lip of the iliac crest and the middle iliac spine; the lower part is attached to the sacrum, tibial tuberosity, tibial condyle, and fibula head, and the posterior part continues to the sacral fascia. The medial part of the femur is thin; the lateral thickness is called the sacroiliac tibial bundle, which is a thick band-shaped structure that is obviously thickened by the longitudinal fibers in the lower part. It is a joint tendon of the broad fascia and gluteal muscles, which can help extend the knee. The broad fascia emits three muscle intervals deep, attached to the thick femoral line, forming three osteofascial sheaths that surround the anterior, posterior, and adductor muscle groups, respectively.

It is the thickest fascia in the whole body, which surrounds the muscles of the femoral muscles. Attached to the anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament, pubic bone, ischial tuberosity, and sacral nodular ligament. The upper part of the lateral femur is a two-layered fascia lata muscle; the posterior part is continuous with the gluteal fascia and is attached to the iliac crest. The outer lip of the iliac crest and the middle iliac spine; the lower part is attached to the sacrum, tibial tuberosity, tibial condyle, and fibula head, and the posterior part continues to the sacral fascia. The medial part of the femur is thin; the lateral thickness is called the sacroiliac tibial bundle, which is a thick band-shaped structure that is obviously thickened by the longitudinal fibers in the lower part. It is a joint tendon of the broad fascia and gluteal muscles, which can help extend the knee. The broad fascia emits three muscle intervals deep, attached to the thick femoral line, forming three osteofascial sheaths that surround the anterior, posterior, and adductor muscle groups, respectively.

Chinese name

Broad fascia

Foreign name

fascia lata

Department

Anatomy

Histological structure of broad fascia

Histologically, the broad fascia is a regular and dense connective tissue. A large number of dense collagen fibers are arranged in parallel along the direction of the force. The cell component is small, and it is mainly a fibroblast with a special shape. Slightly different from other dense connective tissues such as tendons, in addition to the longitudinal fibers parallel to the direction of stress, the broad fascia has a thin transverse fiber layer on both sides. It is such a tight microstructure that makes the broad fascia It plays an important support and connection role in the body, and it becomes possible to provide it as a graft to provide mechanical support in the clinic.

Anatomy of broad fascia

1. Biomechanical characteristics

Mechanical strength is an important indicator that determines the clinical application effect of the same kind of broad fascia. Its main influencing factors include histological structure, cross-sectional area, donor age, donor mobility, and treatment methods such as acquisition, storage, and sterilization. The initial shape of the broad fascia is flaky, which is shaped into different shapes due to different uses, and the mechanical characteristics change accordingly. For applications such as ophthalmology and urology, the broad fascia is trimmed into strips of different specifications. An important feature of the broad fascia histology is that the longitudinal fibers are unevenly distributed and the thickness is 0.1 to 3.0 mm, which makes the mechanical strength of different strip samples different.

2. Immunogenicity and host tolerance are another important indicator to determine the clinical application effect of the same kind of broad fascia. The broad fascia is derived from the same MSCs as cartilage and bone. If the gel matrix and calcium in the cartilage are removed, the rest is the same extracellular matrix component that makes up the fascia and tendon-collagen. According to the theory of transplantation immunobiology, collagen and other extracellular matrices are highly conserved molecules in evolution. The germline genes encoding these molecules differ little from species to species, so they are weakly immunogenic.

The clinical application of broad fascia

The scope of application of the same kind of broad fascia in ophthalmology includes severe ptosis, retinal detachment, paralytic ectropion, high myopia, and chronic progressive ophthalmoplegia. Frontal muscle suspension is a commonly used technique to treat ptosis, especially congenital levator levator insufficiency or complete loss resulting in severe ptosis. Among various suspension materials, the same kind of broad fascia is superior to synthetic materials, which can achieve a therapeutic effect similar to autologous tissues, avoid the complications of obtaining autologous tissues, and reduce the inadequacy of late infection and exposure of synthetic materials.

Urology also applies the broad fascia to the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, using the pubic vaginal muscle suspension technique. In addition, the same broad fascia is also used in the treatment of severe bladder prolapse, bladder eversion and pelvic floor reconstruction. In recent years, animal studies have also used the same broad fascia for the treatment of rabbit urethral subcutaneous fistula and the repair of canine kidney defects.

Orthopedic surgery is an early field of the same kind of broad fascia, such as ankle, hip and shoulder suspension, and tendon, ligament repair, etc. When applied, it is folded into a tube of different cross-sectional area according to the specific situation, so that it provides The required mechanical strength plays a role in connecting bone structure, enhancing stability and maintaining flexibility.

In plastic surgery, the application of the same broad fascia has been extended from the initial treatment of facial paralysis to aesthetic medicine such as rhinoplasty and lip augmentation; the same broad fascia has also been used to repair oral mucosal defects and tympanic membrane defects, and to repair cranial surgery Dura mater defect

The broad fascia has a wide range of applications. For example, it can be used for soft tissue filling, breast augmentation, nipple reconstruction, partial filling after patella reshaping, and nasal cleft palate.

Pharyngeal foramen repair and filling after mandibular angle remodeling; as a repair material, it can also be used to repair abdominal wall muscle fascia defects and joint capsule defects.