What are the steps in the formaldehyde production?

Most organic compounds, whether simple or complex, can be produced in many ways. Only the most effective ones can be used for commercial production. The formaldehyde production uses one of the two catalytic methods involving methanol (ch 3 OH): mild oxidation or dehydrogenation. The catalyst used can be a mixture of molybdenum and iron oxide, or alternatively silver. Molybdenum catalyst requires a temperature of about 480-750 ° F (250-400 ° C) to maintain reactions while silver requires a much higher temperature of 1200 ° C (650 ° C). However, this route is not suitable because the desired aldehyde would be in the risk of oxidation to form carboxylic acid - in this case clouds acid (HCOOH). One of the features of both mild oxidative and dehydrogenation methods is the need for continuing heat to maintain the procession. It seems that this may disproportionately increase the cost of producing formaldehyde production. However, both processes are exothermic-what is that each reaction emits heat-from them self-sufficient.

Using the catalyst of the molybdenum and iron oxide requires a blend of methanol and pairs mixed with air through the catalyst. Stoichiometrically - or, in terms of the amount of chemical reactants and products - is for this equation 2 ch _{3 2 → hcho + 2 h 2 o + a. Although part of this heat is used to maintain the reaction process, some of them can be used for other purposes such as electricity turbines. While the production of oxidation formaldehyde is occasionally used, it is less common than a method of dehydrogenation.}

One conventional catalyst used in DehydroguProcess ENATION The formaldehyde production is silver, although silver can partially react through the oxidation path. As with the oxidation catalyst of molybdenum oxide-gelded, methanol pairs are combined with air and passed over the catalystR-Samný metal exists in granular, crystalline form. Molybdenum and silver reactions take place on a steam boiler. The resulting pairs containing the formaldehyde plus nonsereaget methanol pairs are then condensed and cleaned. In the case of the dehydrogenic process, the remaining waste gas includes hydrogen; The gas is burned for steam production that feeds the boiler.

reaction equation for the dehydrogenation process is ch _{3 oh → hcho + h 2 . Other catalysts that can be used instead of silver as a dehydrogenation agent are copper chromite and acetate palladium. Special conditions are required for its successful operation. The form of heterogeneous catalyst, acetate palladium acts as a “phase transmission” agent. This means that it behaves similarly to the detergent, allowing the transmission of reactants between two imm and the stages - one aqueous, one organic.}