What is a seismic survey?
seismic survey is used to explore the underground structure of the country and is mainly used for survey oil and gas. This method uses the principles of reflective seismology to obtain and interpret seismic data, which allows estimation of the country's composition. The technique is similar to the technique used by the scanning of computer axial tomography (CAT), including the analysis of seismic waves that travel on the ground. These vibroseis, as are known, are often used if the use of dynamite could cause serious damage to the surroundings, for example in cavernous areas. The trucks use heavy metal plates weighing more than 3 tons (2.72 metric tons), which are placed in contact with the ground and are then affected by heavy hammers.
When seismic waves pass through the ground and meet different materials, part of their energy prayed boundaries between different layers, while other waves pass. The reflected energy returns to the surface where its speed and strength are measured by special detectors known as geophones. The geophones convert the movement of the ground to electrical signals, which are then digitized by seismometers. These signals are then processed using computers; The more complicated the geology of the studied area, the more computing energy is needed to process a huge amount of data.
The speed and strength of reflected waves depend on the density of the layer they encounter. Rock becomes thicker, as is located deeper underground, but pockets of gas and oils have a much lower density. The more good material is, the faster the waves will reflect. When seismic waves encounter lower density materials, they pass more energy. The time analysis, which requires the waves to bounce, geologists can create an accurate image of the subsoil using 3D seismic interpretation.
When using gas and oil exploration, seismic survey can detect material pockets with lower density and their location. This does not necessarily guarantee that youO pockets contain oil or gas because it could indicate any other material with lower density, such as water. Nevertheless, the wide variety and reliability of the collected data is invaluable and includes soil composition and strength, subsoil and water tables, rocks and much more. This information has academic and commercial value.
In addition to oil and gas exploration, seismic survey can be used in other commercial applications. They may include searching for precious metals and stones such as alluvial gold, diamonds or platinum or other sources such as gravel, sand and quarry sites. Seismic surveys are also used to help prevent oil spills by exploring the stability of the country where the pipeline will be built.