What is deoxyribonucleic acid?

deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a molecule that holds genetic material for all organisms. It is found in most viruses, all bacteria and in all plant and animal cells. DNA is located in a core or control center of the cell. This can also be found in mitochondria and chloroplasts, in those cells that have them, such as plants. Nucleotide molecules are formed when five carbon sugar molecules, pentos sugar are connected to the phosphate and organic base. In the DNA molecule, sugar is deoxyribosis and organic bases can be adenin, thymin, cytosine or guanine.

DNA molecules are macromolecules. They are made up of many subunits that are either similar or identical. The subunits, nucleotides, are connected together by the end to the end, similar to the pearl necklace. Deoxyribonucleic acid is polynucleotide, but is usually referred to as nucleic acid.

Single nucleotides are connected between the phosphate group of one and the other sugar. KoThe ndensation reactions take place to join two nucleotides together and also produce water. The sugar and phosphate group is the same along the length of the chain, but any of the four bases can be attached to the sugar content.

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DNA molecule consists of two complementary nucleotide chains that are connected by hydrogen bonds between the foundations. Each base can only connect with one other base. Specifically, Adenin always couples with thymin and cytosine always couples with guanine. There are two hydrogen bonds between Adenin and Thymin and there are three bonds between cytosine and guanine. Both nucleotide strands are created by the spirals around the alpha double helix.

A specific sequence of nucleotides along the deoxyibonucleic acid molecule is, it creates a genetic code for any cell. The genes consist of the length of nucleotides along the DNA molecule. These are the sequences of three nucleotides along the Deo moleculexyribonucleic acids. These triplets determine which amino acids will be used to create proteins. Specific code of the basic trio for different amino acids.

The genetic code of the DNA molecule determines what proteins must be formed in the cell. Different chemical reactions take place in different cells depending on the type of cell and its function. These chemical reactions are controlled by enzymes, which are proteins. Therefore, DNA determines the structure and function of a cell based on the fact that the sequence of nucleotides specifies what proteins must be created and when.