What Is Deoxyribonucleic Acid?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (English DeoxyriboNucleic Acid, abbreviated as DNA) is one of the four kinds of biological macromolecules nucleic acids contained in biological cells.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological cell that carries synthesis

DNA was originally isolated from the pus from surgical bandages by Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Because this microscopic substance is located in the nucleus, it was then called nuclein ) ^[2]

DNA is made of duplicates

DNA is a high-molecular polymer, and its solution is a high-molecular solution.

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All DNA functions depend on their interaction with specific proteins. These interactions can be non-specific or extremely specific. There are many other enzymes that can bind DNA. Among them, polymerases that replicate DNA sequences in DNA transcription and replication are particularly important.

DNA forensic identification

DNA is often isolated from blood, skin, saliva, hair, and other tissues and body fluids to identify criminals or criminal behavior. Common genetic fingerprinting. This technique compares the length of variable segments of repeating DNA, such as short tandem repeats and small satellites, which differ from individual to individual. Therefore, the comparison between the two DNA samples under examination is not based on the analysis of the entire DNA sequence, but only on these repetitive sequence portions. In fact, 99.9% of the DNA sequences are identical between two unrelated individuals. This method is usually very reliable, but when the crime scene is contaminated by other people's DNA, the identification of the offender can be complicated ^[23] . This method was developed by British geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984. Genetic fingerprinting can also be used to identify victims of mass incidents. The collection of DNA without consent is called genetic theft.

DNA genetic engineering

Modern biology and biochemistry make extensive use of DNA. The term recombinant DNA refers to DNA fragments that are constructed and assembled artificially. They can be integrated into organisms in the form of plasmids or by other types of vectors. The resulting organism is called a genetically modified organism. It can be used to produce recombinant proteins for biomedical research ^[24] or agricultural cultivation ^[25] .