What Is Incomplete Dominance?

Political rule refers to the domination of the ruling class in the political field by the ruling class that has control of the state power in a class society to protect its economic dominance and interests.

Political domination

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Political rule means that in a class society,

1. Political rule is a very complicated phenomenon and process, which includes two meanings of state rule and class rule. State rule is used by the ruling class

In essence, class rule refers to the most powerful and dominant class in the economy.

The structure of the political ruling system is determined by its class nature. This condition has two meanings. One is that the political ruling system can only be a system of ruling class organizations; the other is that political ruling systems of different nature restrict the different structural forms of the political ruling system. That is, the status and role of the same political organization in different political governance systems can be different.

The structure of political domination is governed by social and historical conditions and

Political rule aims to transform the relationship of political power into the relationship of political authority and obedience. The reasons why political rule can be established, maintained, and effectively operated are clearly shown in the book "Basics of Political Science" in four aspects. This book gives a basic and concise outline of the basic framework of political domination. These four aspects are briefly discussed below.

Political power political power foundation

Political power is a prerequisite for political rule. Without a certain foundation of power, other foundations can only be found without decorative objects. The strength of political rule depends first and foremost on the strength of political power as its primary basis.

The importance of the foundation of political power can be illustrated by counterexamples. In the late Qing Dynasty, the young Emperor Guangxu was eager to make a difference, put his position on the side of the reformers, and wanted to reflect his dominance through reform and reform. However, the real power of the DPRK and China lies in the hands of the queen mother-in-law who listens to politics. Emperor Guangxu had blood in his heart, but did not have a vital political power base to support his goal of rehabilitation. In this political scramble, the diehards headed by Ci Xi have won precisely because they have real political power in their hands. There are many similar cases in ancient and modern China and abroad. Therefore, we can say that the existence and operation of strong political power is a necessary condition for strengthening and effectively implementing political rule.

For political rule, the power of political power is determined by various factors or variables that constitute power, and it also depends on the ability of political power to transform into public authority in society. Therefore, what the ruler has to do is to transform his own strength and will requirements into requirements that are applicable to the whole society with his strong political power. In the process, the art of domination is demonstrated.

Social foundation of political domination

The vast social foundation helps to form and consolidate political rule. Political rule is not a small-scale social activity. It requires a certain range and a certain group of people for its various means of political rule. The social foundation of political rule depends on the relationship between the subject of political power and other social forces and members of society.

The so-called social foundation means that in order to achieve its ruling purpose, the main body of political power strives to grow its own ranks of members of society. It needs to absorb members of society through various methods, so as to reach a certain level of its mass influence, thereby consolidating its political power. For example, the form of political rule in some countries is "the party and the government are not separated." These state powers are often established by ruling parties through social reforms such as revolution. The main part of their social foundation is The vast number of members of our party that have developed in our country. In other countries, the ownership of the ruling power is determined through multi-party elections, and the election parties try their best to create public influence in order to gain more popular support and expand their social foundations. However, the social foundation obtained by the latter method is often less stable than the former, so regular elections must be carried out. While the former political rule has a broad and stable social foundation, even if certain problems arise that cause the stability of the foundation, there will be no mass actions that threaten the dominant position for a period of time.

Public Function Basis for Political Rule

Political rule must perform public functions in society. This is the responsibility that the ruler must bear. The main body of power is not to consolidate the political power by merely asking the people for their power. They should also assume the part that the people need, that is, perform public functions, build various public living facilities, etc. The audience is satisfied to achieve the ultimate goal of consolidating the regime.

The fulfillment of social public functions satisfies the common interests between the ruler and the governed. Because political power is the public power of the whole society in the form, only strong political power is not enough to maintain the rule, but also depends on the responsibility of social functions.

The advantage of the incumbent in performing public functions is that carrying out public construction can improve social productivity and the people's material, spiritual, and cultural quality of life in many aspects, so that public opinion is satisfied with the regime at the time, thereby consolidating the regime and making it available for a certain period of time. To maintain stability and development.

The so-called "serving the people", an important part of political rule-fulfilling social and public functions-may not really be for the people, sometimes it is just a trick for the rulers to maintain their own power. Evaluating the significance of the construction of the social welfare system, like Bismarck, shows the selfishness of some rulers. They do not build welfare for the benefit of citizens, but only for their own benefit. However, no matter how this "pattern" is displayed, it is a basic and effective means of establishing the basis of public functions for political rule.

The psychological foundation of political rule

The obedience of members of society to political authority must be established. The so-called political authority, from the perspective of Engels, is to impose the will of the subject of political power on members of society, and authority is premised on obedience []. Therefore, when a certain degree of obedience is formed among members of society, political authority is improved and political power is stabilized.

The key to social members' obedience to political authority lies in their ideological and psychological recognition and consent to political domination (including methods and methods). The psychological basis determines the legitimacy of political rule, enabling this political rule to maintain stability and progress.

I believe that this kind of obedience also depends on the status of members of society in social life. The status mentioned here includes income level, education level, scope of activities, etc. The ruling subject must understand the different psychology of people at all levels of society in order to consolidate their political power. The political turmoil during the French Revolution was precisely because the politicians were short-sighted and considered only the interests of their own class, which aroused the resentment of other people in the society. This political rule that did not understand the overall situation was overturned again and again.

To establish a certain psychological foundation for political rule, it is necessary to control or create authoritative media with a certain credibility. In some political rules, rulers taboo or use religious communication to control the masses' thoughts through the medium of religion. In today's society, governments of various countries generally control one or more news publishing agencies and radio and television agencies, such as China's Xinhua News Agency and People's Daily. It is a wise and effective way to cultivate the psychological foundation of members of the society by controlling media propaganda. ^[1]