What is a Central Bank?

The central financial center institution in the Central Bank is an important tool for the state to intervene and regulate the development of the national economy. Responsible for formulating and implementing national currency credit policies, unique currency issuance rights, and financial supervision.

Central bank

Central Bank

(1) The rapid development of the commodity economy In the early 18th century, Western countries began

The functions of the central bank are mainly to formulate and implement monetary policies, and to lead, manage and supervise the activities of financial institutions. It is a "bank that manages financial activities" and also has the following functions:

The main businesses of the central bank are:

Since the "Government Procurement Law" was promulgated, in terms of system design, China's government procurement laws and regulations have focused on the two goals of saving funds and preventing corruption, and formed an organizational form combining centralized procurement and decentralized procurement, saving a lot of funds. The anti-corruption effect is obvious. In response to the urgent needs of government procurement system reform and practical development, the State Council formally promulgated the "Government Procurement Law Implementation Regulations" in 2015, extending the government procurement system to both ends, highlighting source management centered on demand management and compliance with contracts and use effects The content-based management reflects the transition from government-oriented to results-oriented government procurement. For more than a decade, the People's Bank of China has implemented government procurement regulations, gradually established a centralized procurement management system with its own characteristics, and formed a multi-level procurement model and perfect rules and regulations. The Guangzhou Branch of the People's Bank of China has actively explored and tried in its work practices, and strived to truly realize value for money for centralized procurement, which has formed experience and reflection.

(1) Strengthening demand management and highlighting "requiring what is needed". The ideal state of procurement is that it starts from scientific budget and procurement requirements, and finally regulates effective supply.

(2) Refine the implementation process and promote the construction of standardized informatization. First, the procurement process is standardized. The second is the standardization of procurement texts. The third is informationization of procurement management.

(3) Optimize the overall planning mode and realize "value for money". On the one hand, overall planning and integration of procurement resources within its jurisdiction. On the other hand, explore new ways of small and sporadic procurement.

(4) Deepen performance evaluation and explore the whole life cycle management of assets. The first is to standardize compliance inspection supervision. Clarify the main responsibilities of the performance management of the demand authority, refine the acceptance criteria for different types of procurement items such as goods, engineering, and services, and conduct acceptance in accordance with the contents of the contract. The second is a comprehensive evaluation of performance. Incorporate the procurement performance evaluation into the procurement process, and integrate the entire procurement process from the entire process of production, transportation, use, maintenance, and scrap to analysis and research. Set scientifically and reasonably the evaluation basis and indicators. Not only evaluate its initial cost, but also consider its maintenance and operation. Cost, to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the compliance, effectiveness and efficiency of procurement projects. Try to effectively link the procurement information file with asset ledger management to realize the entire process management of the life cycle of purchased items. The third is the effectiveness of recycling results. Summarize the performance and conclusions of performance evaluation in a timely manner, absorb them into the next budget preparation, requirements management, and organizational review, and consider the full life cycle costs and benefits of the procurement target, draw lessons from project implementation, and continuously improve. ^[12]

Central Bank Asia

China: The People's Bank of China

Taiwan: The Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

Hong Kong, China: The Hong Kong Monetary Authority

Macau, China: The Monetary Authority of Macao

Afghanistan: Da Afghanistan Bank

United Arab Emirates: The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates

Oman: The Central Bank of Oman

Azerbaijan: The Central Bank of Azerbaijan

Pakistan: The State Bank of Pakistan

Palestine: The Palestine Monetary Authority

Bahrain: The Central Bank of Bahrain

Bhutan: The Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan

North Korea: The Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Timor-Leste: The Central Bank of East Timor

Philippines: The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

Georgia: The National Bank of Georgia

Kazakhstan: The National Bank of Kazakhstan

South Korea: The Bank of Korea

Kyrgyzstan: The National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic

Cambodia: The National Bank of Cambodia

Qatar: The Qatar Central Bank

Kuwait: The Central Bank of Kuwait

Laos: The Bank of the Lao People's Democratic Republic

Lebanon: Banque du Liban

Maldives: The Maldles Monetary Authority

Malaysia: Bank Negara Malaysia

Mongolia: The Bank of Mongolia

Bangladesh: The Bangladesh Bank

Myanmar: The Central Bank of Myanmar

Nepal: The Nepal Rastra Bank

Japan: The Bank of Japan

Saudi Arabia: The Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority

Sri Lanka: The Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Tajikistan: The National Bank of Tajikistan

Thailand: The Bank of Thailand

Turkey: The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey

Turkmenistan: The Central Bank of Turkmenistan

Brunei: The Monetary Authority of Brunei Darussalam

Armenia: The Central Bank of Armenia

Uzbekistan: The Central Bank of Uzbekistan

Singapore: The Monetary Authority of Singapore

Syria: The Central Bank of Syria

Yemen: The Central Bank of Yemen

Iraq: The Central Bank of Iraq

Iran: The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Israel: The Bank of Israel

India: The Reserve Bank of India

Indonesia: Bank of Indonesia

Jordan: The Central Bank of Jordan

Vietnam: The State Bank of Vietnam

Central Bank Europe

Albania: The Bank of Albania

Ireland: The Central Bank of Ireland

Estonia: The Bank of Estonia

Andorra: No central bank

Austria: The National Bank of Austria

Belarus: The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus

Bulgaria: The Bulgarian National Bank

Belgium: The National Bank of Belgium

Iceland: The Central Bank of Iceland

Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Poland: The National Bank of Poland

Denmark: Danmarks Nationalbank

Germany: The German Federal Bank

Russia: the Bank of Russia

France: The Bank of France

Vatican: The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

Finland: The Bank of Finland

Netherlands: De Nederlandsche Bank

Montenegro: The Central Bank of Montenegro

Czech Republic: The Czech National Bank

Croatia: The Croatian National Bank

Latvia: The Bank of Latvia

Lithuania: The Bank of Lithuania

Liechtenstein: The National Bank of Liechtenstein

Luxembourg: The Central Bank of Luxembourg

Romania: The National Bank of Romania

Malta: The Central Bank of Malta

Macedonia: The National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia

Moldova: The National Bank of Moldova

Monaco: No Central Bank

Norway: Norges Bank

Portugal: The Bank of Portugal

Sweden: Swedish National Bank

Switzerland: The Swiss National Bank

Serbia: The National Bank of Serbia

Cyprus: The Central Bank of Cyprus

San Marino: The Central Bank of the Republic of San Marino

Slovakia: The National Bank of Slovakia

Slovenia: The Bank of Slovenia

Ukraine: The National Bank of Ukraine

Spain: The Bank of Spain

Greece: The Bank of Greece

Hungary: The Hungarian National Bank

Italy: The Bank of Italy

United Kingdom: The Bank of England

European Union: The European Central Bank

Central Bank Africa

Algeria: The Bank of Algeria

Egypt: The Central Bank of Egypt

Ethiopia: The National Bank of Ethiopia

Angola: The National Bank of Angola

Benin: The Central Bank of West African States

Botswana: The Bank of Botswana

Burkina Faso: The Central Bank of West African States

Burundi: The Bank of the Republic of Burundi

Equatorial Guinea: The Bank of Central African States

Togo: The Central Bank of West African States

Eritrea: The Bank of Eritrea

Cape Verde: The Bank of Cape Verde

Gambia: The Central Bank of The Gambia

Congo: The Central Bank of the Congo

Democratic Congo: The Bank of Central African States

Djibouti: The Central Bank of Djibouti

Guinea: The Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea

Guinea-Bissau: The Central Bank of West African States

Ghana: The Bank of Ghana

Gabon: The Bank of Central African States

Zimbabwe: The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe

Cameroon: The Bank of Central African States

Comoros: The Central Bank of the Comros

Côte d'Ivoire: The Central Bank of West African States

Kenya: The Central Bank of Kenya

Lesotho: The Central Bank of Lesotho

Liberia: The Central Bank of Liberia

Libya: The Central Bank of Libya

Rwanda: The National Bank of Rwanda

Madagascar: The Central Bank of Madagascar

Malawi: The Reserve Bank of Malawi

Mali: The Central Bank of West African States

Mauritius: The Bank of Mauritius

Mauritania: The Central Bank of Mauritania

Morocco: The Bank Al-Maghrib

Mozambique: The Bank of Mozambique

Namibia: The Bank of Namibia

South Africa: The South African Reserve Bank

South Sudan: The Bank of South Sudan

Niger: The Central Bank of West African States

Nigeria: The Central Bank of Nigeria

Sierra Leone: The Bank of Sierra Leone

Senegal: The Central Bank of West African States

Seychelles: The Central Bank of Seychelles

Sao Tome and Principe: The Central Bank of São Tomé and Príncipe

Swaziland: The Central Bank of Swaziland

Sudan: The Central Bank of Sudan

Somalia: The Central Bank of Somalia

Tanzania: The Bank of Tanzania

Tunisia: The Central Bank of Tunisia

Uganda: The Bank of Uganda

Zambia: The Bank of Zambia

Chad: The Bank of Central African States

Central Africa: The Bank of Central African States

Central Bank of North America

Aruba: The Central Bank of Aruba

Antigua and Barbuda: The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Barbados: The Central Bank of Barbados

Bahamas: The Central Bank of the Bahamas

Panama: The National Bank of Panama

Bermuda: The Bermuda Monetary Authority

Belize: The Central Bank of Belize

Dominica: The Central Bank of the Dominican Republic

Dominica: The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Costa Rica: The Central Bank of Costa Rica

Grenada: The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Cuba: The Central Bank of Cuba

Haiti: The Bank of the Republic of Haiti

Sint Maarten: The Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten

Honduras: The Central Bank of Honduras

Canada: The Bank of Canada

Cayman Islands: The Cayman Islands Monetary Authority

Curacao: The Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten

United States: The Federal Reserve System

Mexico: The Bank of Mexico

Nicaragua: The Central Bank of Nicaragua

El Salvador: The Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador

Saint Kitts and Nevis: The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Saint Lucia: The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

Trinidad and Tobago: The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago

Guatemala: The Bank of Guatemala

Jamaica: The Bank of Jamaica

Central Bank of South America

Argentina: The Central Bank of Argentina

Paraguay: The Central Bank of Paraguay

Brazil: The Central Bank of Brazil

Peru: The Central Reserve Bank of Peru

Bolivia: The Central Bank of Bolivia

Colombia: The Banco de la República

Ecuador: The Central Bank of Ecuador

Guyana: The Bank of Guyana

Suriname: The Central Bank of Suriname

Venezuela: The Central Bank of Venezuela

Uruguay: The Central Bank of the Uruguay

Chile: The Central Bank of Chile

Central Bank Oceania

Australia: The Reserve Bank of Australia ^[14]

Papua New Guinea: The Bank of Papua New Guinea

Fiji: The Reserve Bank of Fiji

Kiribati: No Central Bank

Cook Islands: No Central Bank

Marshall Islands: No Central Bank

Federated States of Micronesia: No Central Bank

Nauru: No Central Bank

Niue: No Central Bank

Palau: No Central Bank

Samoa: The Central Bank of Samoa

Solomon Islands: The Central Bank of Solomon Islands

Tonga: The National Reserve Bank of Tonga

Tuvalu: No Central Bank

Vanuatu: The Reserve Bank of Vanuatu

New Zealand: The Reserve Bank of New Zealand ^[15]