What Are the Different Types of Motor Vehicle Accident Injuries?

Human injury caused by a traffic accident when a car is driving on the road is called car road accident injury. Automobiles are generally composed of metal parts, which have many protruding parts, have the characteristics of heavy weight, fast speed, and large movement energy.

Car traffic accident damage

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According to the law of kinetic energy E = 1 / 2mv (E = kinetic energy, m = mass, v = speed), the faster the vehicle speed, the more serious the damage caused. It can be seen that the speed of the car collision plays a major role in the degree of damage. The death rate caused by a car speed of 30 ~ 39 km / h is 10%; the death rate of a car speed of 40 ~ 45 km / h is 47%; and when the speed of a car is 49 ~ 58 km / h, the death rate is as high as 73%; At present, the speed of cars in our country is increasing, especially on highways, where the speed often exceeds 100 km / h, so the accident death rate is very high. Due to the large driving force and impact force of the car during driving, the human body is seriously injured in the accident, and the people who have different traffic behaviors in the accident also suffer different injuries. The form and extent of the damage depend on the collision speed of the car, the size of the vehicle's load, the direction and angle of the impact, the location of the injury, posture and manner of the human body.

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Automobile traffic accidents are both common and complicated. The injured person could be a driver, a passenger, a pedestrian, or a person lying on a highway. The cause and method of injury can be accidents caused by various reasons, suicide, homicide, and death.

Car traffic accident damage resolution

Forensic doctors should address the following when deciding the death of an automobile traffic accident injury: whether the death was caused by an accident due to an automobile traffic accident; the method of death; the damage characteristics, such as the direct impact location, frequency, direction, the position and angle of the fall injury Is it consistent with the characteristics of the ground? It is rolling during life or rolling after death, it is single or double rolling, the number of rolling times; fatal injuries and causes of death, whether the dead were drunk at the time of the traffic accident damage, Death caused by a sudden attack of poisoning or disease; Pay attention to the characteristics of the car in question, such as wheel width, track width, bumper height, etc. Collect suspicious physical evidence on the body, such as bloodstains, hair, tissue fragments, and clothing fibers; distinguish the dead as the driver, passenger or pedestrian; personal identification.

Contents of car traffic accident damage assessment

1. Determine whether the damage caused by the car traffic accident: According to the site investigation and investigation, vehicle traces and human injury inspection, determine whether the traffic accident, whether the car traffic accident, whether the traffic accident caused the damage.

It should be pointed out that the bodies on the highway are not necessarily fatal to traffic accidents, but may also be removed on the highway. Therefore, special care should be taken with this type of corpse, paying attention to the damage characteristics. Including the location, characteristics and corpse phenomenon of fatal injuries. ?

2. Determining the cause of death (fatal injury): Carry out a comprehensive and detailed autopsy examination of the dead body of a car traffic accident to determine the cause of death (fatal injury). In order to analyze the cause of the accident and the injury process, the positional relationship between the injured person and the vehicle, the impact relationship between the vehicle and the vehicle, the impact relationship between the driver, passengers and objects in the vehicle, and where the vehicle impacts the human body should be emphasized.

3. Determining the impact location and height: In order to analyze the injury process of a car traffic accident and provide strong evidence of the cause and process of the injury, the injury site (direct impact injury) and the height from the ground where the casualty was hit by the car need to be inspected and determined , So as to compare and determine with the height of the mark on the impact part of the car.

4. Determine whether the vehicle has been crushed: If the circumstances of the car accident are unknown and there is no witness to testify, a forensic doctor is required to determine whether the vehicle has crushed the human body. When the car is rolling over the human body, dirt or attachment marks on the convex surface of the car tire often appear on the surface of the clothes and pants, and the subcutaneous tissues such as the neck, chest, abdomen, back, buttocks, and thighs are more abundant in the areas where the human body is rolled. (Parts) body surface, sometimes the more typical car tire marks (tyre pattern-like intradermal bleeding), contusion wounds and stretch wounds, closed annular avulsion wounds, open annular avulsion wounds, and multiple internal organ ruptures and Serious damage such as tissue fragmentation can be determined based on the damage to the human body surface and internal organs.

5. Determining the impact of one or more vehicles: Sometimes one or more vehicles are injured in a road traffic accident. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics, directions, attachments, and inspection traces of the suspected vehicle in accordance with all injuries. Analyze to determine if it is caused by one or more cars, motorcycles, or other injured vehicles.

6. Determine the direction of collision between the car and the human body: Sometimes in a traffic accident, the direction of the collision between the car and the human body needs to be clarified to analyze the relative movement direction and violation of the car and the human body in the accident. The relative motion direction of the human body and the car at the time of the accident can be analyzed and inferred according to the relative height and direction of the human impact injury and the car impact position and the movement trajectory of the injured person and the car after the impact.

7. Analyze and determine the driver or occupant in a car accident: Some car traffic accidents cause the driver and occupant to die, comatose, or lack witnesses and other evidence that can confirm the driver or occupant. The occupant's identity is not clear and is affected. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and infer according to the damage location and shape characteristics of the human body, the collision and dropping of people in the car, the parts and objects of the car body, the left-behind tissues and blood and related items on the site. Who is the driver or occupant of the accident car.

8. Detection of Residues on the Vehicle: From the perspective of forensic work, the following physical evidence should be collected and tested on the vehicle. Carefully look for the blood stains of the impacted people on the protruding parts of the car surface, or the scraped skin or tissue pieces and hair. Pay particular attention to the front corners of the car's bumpers, lights, coolers, front fenders, window frames, front or roof. Also observe the pattern and age of the tire, as well as the special wear marks on it. Pay attention to the protrusions on the side of the car, the bottom of the car, the presence of attachments, the presence of bumps on the parts of the car, and the presence of attachments. Inspect the window glass for damage. If damaged, a few fragments should be taken for comparison with the fragments attached to the body. If there are any attachments, they should be checked for comparison. ?

9. Residue detection of the affected vehicle on the victim: In the case of the vehicle escaping quickly after the vehicle crashed, special attention should be paid to checking the victim's clothes. The corpse should be placed on a white sheet, and the clothes should be inspected in detail to see if there are any paint chips or broken glass that have been knocked down, whether they are rubbed with oil, printed with tire marks or soiled, and pay attention to extraction. Sometimes paint fragments or glass fragments can also be found in the wound, which should also be extracted for comparison inspection. ?

10. How to judge death:

(1) Death caused by traffic accidents Among the deaths caused by road traffic accidents, the majority of deaths are caused by traffic accidents themselves. Such as drivers or pedestrians in violation of traffic regulations, vehicle failure or out of control, or accidents caused by dark sky, inconspicuous signs, roads and other factors. ?

(2) Suicides and suicides in road traffic injuries include pedestrians deliberately crashing into a moving car or getting into a wheel; deliberately driving at high speeds towards obstacles or falling off cliffs or rivers. Suicide by car accident. There are also several cases of intentional murder: The driver deliberately drove the car toward a pedestrian or a vehicle carrying a person, knocked it down, over it, or hit it under a cliff or in a river, or bumped it into the front And death from outside objects; the driver deliberately drove towards an obstacle, or drove down a cliff or river, and died with the people in the car; someone deliberately damaged the automobile parts or stolen lubricants, causing the driver to drive during the driving process Failure to control the car resulted in car crashes. ?

Most traffic accidents are accidental. It is important to note that sometimes criminals attempt to disguise traffic accidents to cover up murders. For example, a victim who has been stunned or killed is placed on a highway and the car is run over, or the victim is placed in a driving position to cause the car to slide off a slope and overturn, or the camouflage is performed after being poisoned.

To sum up, the forensic appraisal of automobile traffic accident damage should be carried out on-site inspection and case investigation, especially the position of the body and the distribution of blood pools, hair, tissues, and clothing fragments are important to determine whether it is the original scene. A comprehensive and systematic autopsy is particularly important for judging prenatal injuries, postmortem injuries, the direction of force, the cause of death, and the nature of death. Extraction and comparison of physical evidence are important evidence to confirm the accident. The determination of alcohol and drugs for the driver of the accident car is of great significance to determine the nature of the accident.