What Is Acute Diarrhea?

Intestinal mucosa has strong secretion and malabsorption, intestinal peristalsis is too fast, which results in increased defecation frequency, thin feces, and abnormal components, which is called diarrhea. Acute diarrhea has a rapid onset, and can defecate more than 10 times a day. There is a large amount of thin stools, and bowel movements are often accompanied by abdominal cramps, intestinal cramps, or severe back pain.

Acute diarrhea

Intestinal mucosa has strong secretion and malabsorption, intestinal peristalsis is too fast, which results in increased defecation frequency, thin feces, and abnormal components, which is called diarrhea. Acute diarrhea has a rapid onset, and can defecate more than 10 times a day. There is a large amount of thin stools, and bowel movements are often accompanied by abdominal cramps,

1. Acute bowel disease

Acute intestinal infection; viral, bacterial, fungal, amoebic, schistosomiasis, etc .;

Patients' bowel movements, stool appearance, and nature of abdominal pain often reflect where the lesion is in the intestine.

1. Lesion in

In addition to clinical diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and leukocytosis are generally present. These clinical manifestations are common and have no diagnostic value for the site of intestinal infection and pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the small intestine or colon infection first. Intestinal infectious diarrhea is characterized by paroxysmal pain around the umbilicus or right lower abdomen, accompanied by bloating or bowel diarrhea, diarrhea 5 to 10 times a day, and the amount of stool is mostly watery, mixed with foam and undigested food residues. Severely infected patients have dilute water and bloody stools, abdominal pain before defecation, abdominal pain after defecation can be reduced or disappeared, and they feel comfortable. The abdominal pain of colonic infectious diarrhea, often in the lower abdomen or left lower abdomen, is usually not accompanied by bowel sounds, frequent diarrhea, smaller intestinal infectious diarrhea significantly increased, the amount of feces is small, the appearance of pus and bloody stools, there is an acute aftermath and a sense of falling. Intestinal infectious diarrhea is more common in staphylococcal food poisoning or salmonella enteritis, while colonic infectious diarrhea is often caused by Shigella or other dysentery bacillus.

These two different types of diarrhea are sometimes difficult to distinguish, especially when the range of intestinal inflammation is wide, and they can appear alternately in different stages of the same patient, even on the same day.

Mainly manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea; fever, etc., can cause hair loss in severe cases

1. Medical history In acute diarrhea, especially in infectious diarrhea, a detailed and accurate medical history is of great help in clear diagnosis. For example, in the case of intestinal infectious diarrhea, if the patient has a history of eating unclean food, and the majority of people who eat the same food have the disease, it can be preliminarily judged as food poisoning.

2. Age and gender: Bacterial dysentery occurs at various ages, but it is more common in children and young adults, amoebic dysentery is more common in adult men, and rotavirus gastroenteritis and pathogenic E. coli enteritis are more common. Seen in infants and young children, disaccharide enzyme deficiency, intestinal tuberculosis, intestinal parasitic disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are more common in young adults, colon cancer and pancreatic head cancer are mainly found in middle-aged and elderly people. Large bowel ischemic diarrhea caused by atherosclerosis is mainly seen in the elderly, and irritable bowel syndrome is mainly middle-aged women.

3. Onset and course of disease: Acute diarrhea is predominantly infectious and requires an epidemiological history. Acute bacillary dysentery often has a history of contact with diarrhea patients or a history of unclean diet. Cholera is relatively common in coastal areas. It is a water or food-type outbreak in a short period of time and can be transmitted along transportation lines. Inland patients often have a history of traveling to the coast and eating seafood. Acute bacterial food poisoning often develops within 2 to 24 hours after eating, often with the same meal. Tourist diarrhea often occurs when traveling in tropical developing countries, and can occur within 2 to 3 weeks after arriving at the tourist destination. The poisoned person has a history of poison intake. AIDS often starts with diarrhea and weight loss. Inquire about the history of sexually transmitted diseases and drug addiction. Changes in the recipe, such as those who have diarrhea after eating milk, should consider lactase deficiency, and those who take drugs can also cause diarrhea. The possibility of antibiotic-associated diarrhea or pseudomembranous enteritis should be considered after surgery, in the elderly, or in patients with shock, especially after receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Acute onset, short course of disease, diarrhea is continuous rather than intermittent, nocturnal diarrhea, accompanied by weight loss, anemia, increased blood sedimentation, mostly organic diarrhea. In contrast, intestinal functional diarrhea is more likely, such as irritable bowel syndrome. After fasting, there is still diarrhea, which often suggests that the mechanism of diarrhea is excessive intestinal secretion or inflammatory exudation; diarrhea stops after fasting, which indicates that osmotic diarrhea caused by some ingredients in food, such as lactase deficiency. When diarrhea occurs, it may be amoebic dysentery or ulcerative colitis.

4. Fecal traits: Small intestine-derived diarrhea has more stools and less frequent, and large-intestine-derived diarrhea is more frequent, fewer stools, often accompanied by mucus or blood. Acute bacillary dysentery is followed by pus and bloody stools, followed by acute rush and heavy; enteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, and invasive E. coli can also show the same. In addition, acute amoebic dysentery, schistosomiasis, and gastrointestinal malignant malaria should be excluded. Typical amoebic dysentery stools are crimson jam-like. Feces are as thin as water, with obvious malodor and vomiting. They are more common in food poisoning infections. Those who occur 2 to 5 hours after eating are mostly food poisoning by Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus; if they occur 6 to 24 hours after eating, It is most likely caused by Salmonella, Proteus, and Clostridium perfringens type A. The diarrhea and vomit were water samples of Miyu, and the dehydration was serious. Cholera should be considered. The stool of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis is foul-smelling and purplish red bloody stool. Blood can also occur during uremia.

Patients with diarrhea and predominant blood should consider small intestinal lymphoma, intestinal tuberculosis, colon cancer, malignant histiocytosis, and ischemic bowel disease. Those with fatty diarrhea, because of their fatty acid and hydroxy fatty acid stimulation to the intestinal mucosa, increased water and electrolyte secretion are manifested as watery diarrhea, greasy stools, high volume, unpleasant odor, and difficult to flush from the toilet, such as pancreatic lesions, celiac disease, etc. People with glucose malabsorption often have bowel sounds, bloating, and foamy and sour odor in stools. In addition to fatty diarrhea, those with foul stools also suggest that unabsorbed amino acids are decomposed by bacteria, and are found in protein loss caused by intestinal lymphatic dilatation. Gastrointestinal disorders.

Large stools and watery, suggestive of secretory diarrhea, such as combined with bile acid deficiency,

Routine stool examination and stool culture;

The white blood cell count can be normal or abnormal.

1. Take a break. If you are accompanied by frequent vomiting, you should temporarily fast. The rest should be given liquid and supplemented with water. It is advisable to take boiled water and soup.

2. For those with mild diarrhea, take the spare at home

To prevent acute diarrhea, pay attention to details:

First of all, it is important to strengthen food hygiene management. Food production and processing must be strictly prohibited

How to eat acute diarrhea?

Acute diarrhea is highly likely to occur in the population. After the occurrence of acute diarrhea, a large amount of water and electrolytes are lost in the patient's body, causing the body to lose electrolyte balance and acid-base metabolism disorders. Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acids can occur. Poisoning and other symptoms of severe acute diarrhea can also result in shock, acute renal failure, and even coma due to reduced blood volume. In patients with acute diarrhea, in addition to active medication, diet is a very important treatment.

Diet for acute diarrhea:

For patients with shock, it is self-evident that fasting is not necessary. For patients who are less ill and can eat, proper diet should be given at the same time as effective rehydration and anti-inflammatory treatment. Generally speaking, diarrhea caused by any cause can cause gastrointestinal dysfunction and reduced digestive capacity. Therefore, the foods you choose should be soft and easy to digest, and should be rich in vitamins, high calories, and high protein (for those allergic to protein). (Except) diet, such as gruel, pasta, vermicelli, chicken cakes, and various fresh vegetable leaves. These foods have less irritation to the gastrointestinal tract and can reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. Fat diets should be restricted. Spicy, cold foods and cold drinks have a stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa. Foods rich in cellulose (such as celery and chives) can increase gastrointestinal motility, which is a prohibited diet.

In addition, patients with symptoms of acute diarrhea should also pay attention to a small number of frequent meals, appropriate drinking water, adequate rest, do not fast, so as to facilitate the treatment of acute diarrhea.

Dietary therapy for acute diarrhea

Diarrhea is a more common digestive symptom. The main manifestation is that after eating, the food is excreted without being completely digested, and the frequency of defecation increases, which is more than twice a day. The stool is thin or contains pus, blood, and mucus. If only the frequency of defecation increases and the stool is formed, it should not be called diarrhea.

Diarrhea can be divided into acute and chronic diarrhea. The acute onset of diarrhea is acute and the course of disease is within two months.

Nutrition therapy

1. Fasting in the acute phase. Fasting in the acute watery diarrhea period requires temporary fasting to allow the bowel to rest completely. Intravenous infusion if necessary to prevent excessive dehydration and dehydration.

2. Light liquid

Those who do not need to fast, should give a light liquid diet at the beginning of the onset. Such as protein water, fruit juice, rice soup, thin noodle soup, etc., to become the main. Early, banned milk, sucrose and other gas-producing liquid diets. Some patients are not comfortable with milk and often make diarrhea worse after taking milk.

3 Adjust the diet to reduce the number of bowel movements according to the condition, and change to a low-fat liquid diet, or a low-fat, low-residue, soft and digestible semi-liquid diet after the symptoms are relieved. Such as rice porridge, rice noodles, rotten noodles, pasta and so on.

4 Choose the right diet

After the diarrhea has basically stopped, a low-fat, low-residue semi-liquid diet or soft rice can be provided. Eat a few small meals to facilitate digestion, such as noodles, porridge, steamed buns, rotten rice, lean meat and so on. Should still be appropriate to limit foods containing vegetables and fruits and other foods, and gradually transition to general food.

5. Vitamin supplements Pay attention to vitamin B and C supplements, such as fresh orange juice, fruit juice, tomato juice, vegetable soup, etc.

6. It is forbidden to eat and drink, and not eat fatty meat, vegetables with high fiber content, raw cold fruits, fat snacks and cold drinks.

7. Examples of recipes Reference recipes for a low-fat liquid diet for acute diarrhea are as follows.

Recipe composition (g)

First japonica 30 salt l

Second Tofu Brain 280

Third egg 50 salt

The fourth dried red dates 60 white sugar 20

Fifth strong powder 25 salt

Sixth time flour 15 eggs 50 sugar 20

A daily reference diet for acute diarrhea

1. Early breakfast: rice soup; lunch: thin noodle soup, tomato juice; dessert: rice soup, fresh orange juice; dinner: thin noodle soup, vegetable soup.

2. After the symptoms are relieved, breakfast: rice flour, tomato juice; lunch: rotten noodles, vegetable soup; dessert: rice porridge; dinner: pasta, fresh orange juice.

3 Breakfast after diarrhea basically stopped: steamed buns, thick vegetable soup; lunch: rotten rice, lean meat, thick tomato juice; snack: porridge; dinner: noodles, thick fresh orange juice.

Food suitable for acute diarrhea

1. Early onset: rice soup, thin noodle soup, protein water, tomato juice, vegetable soup, fruit juice, etc .;

2. After the symptoms are relieved: rice porridge, rice flour, rotten noodles, pasta, tomato juice, vegetable soup, fruit juice, etc .;

3 After diarrhea has basically stopped: noodles, porridge, steamed buns, rotten rice, lean meat, thick tomato juice, thick vegetable soup, thick fruit juice, etc.

Acute diarrhea requires fasting

Many people develop fasting to reduce the symptoms of acute diarrhea. Experts believe that diet adjustment and early eating should be paid attention to during acute diarrhea, not simply fasting.

Experts believe that diet adjustments are necessary during acute diarrhea. Drink some rice soup, water-diluted milk, and porridge to replace the normal diet. This will "reduce the burden" on the gastrointestinal tract and help provide the body with the necessary water. In addition, rice soup, water-diluted milk, and porridge can adhere to the surface of the gastrointestinal tract after they enter the gastrointestinal tract, forming a protective film, which can reduce the absorption of bacterial toxins in the intestinal tract, thereby reducing systemic symptoms. Lighter patients should eat on time without having to fast.

Anorectal doctor reminds that for patients with mild or severe acute diarrhea, in the first one or two days, they should eat less and eat more. They should eat more light, nutritious and digestible food, "one step at a time", and wait until the condition improves Day gradually transitioned to a normal diet. It is important to note that patients with acute diarrhea should not use too much fatty foods during the diarrhea period, as this will aggravate the symptoms of diarrhea.