What Is Maternal Death?

Maternal mortality is the number of maternal deaths per 10,000 live births or per 100,000 live births. From the beginning of pregnancy to 42 days after giving birth, maternal deaths due to various reasons (except accidents) are counted. Because of its small proportion, denominators are often in the tens or hundreds of thousands.

Maternal mortality

Improving maternal health is the eight adopted by the international community in 2000

Where maternal deaths occur

Women died from

Improve maternal health is

Primary cause of maternal mortality

The bleeding volume of vaginal delivery is generally around 400 ml. If the maternal bleeding volume exceeds 500 ml within 24 hours after the fetus is delivered, it is medically referred to as postpartum hemorrhage. To date, postpartum hemorrhage remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Postpartum hemorrhage is mostly caused by weak uterine contraction. Factors such as twin pregnancy, gigantic infants, polyhydramnios, maternal age greater than 35 years, pregnancy with hypertension syndrome, and multiple births are prone to contraction weakness and postpartum hemorrhage. In addition, postpartum hemorrhage can occur if the placenta is not discharged in time after the fetus is delivered. In addition, bleeding from the birth canal due to vaginal delivery can also cause postpartum hemorrhage. Maternal patients with coagulopathy are also prone to bleeding.

As soon as possible

The speed of childbirth varies from person to person, and the time limit for normal childbirth is a broader time frame. Clinically, a childbirth with an entire labor of less than 3 hours is called an emergency labor. Anxiety is harmful, because in the case of an emergency delivery, the soft tissue parts of the cervix, vagina, vulva, perineum, etc., have not been sufficiently expanded, and the fetus is born quickly. This result is often caused by severe laceration of the aforementioned tissues. Midwives may ignore standard operations such as disinfection and protection because they are too late to prepare for delivery, which may lead to postpartum infections and neonatal trauma. The fetus is delivered out of the uterine cavity too quickly, the uterine muscle fibers are too late to contract and bleeding often occurs after delivery. The fetus can also be distressed due to excessive and frequent contractions, or suffocation after delivery.

Therefore, it is not that the child should be born as quickly as possible, but it should be determined according to the actual situation, so no matter whether the mother or family members are in a hurry.

Why weight-bearing women need to be careful when giving birth

Where the body mass index [body mass index = body weight (kg) ÷ height (meters) square], greater than 24 are obese. Weight gain of more than 15 kg during pregnancy is significant. Obese women should be careful during pregnancy and childbirth because the following problems can occur: increased complications during pregnancy, dystocia and surgery during childbirth, and postpartum hemorrhage. According to statistics, 30% to 50% of obese pregnant women develop hypertension and 10% develop proteinuria. Compared with normal pregnant women, they have doubled the incidence of gestational diabetes, 15 times the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, 2 times the rate of overdue pregnancy, 2 times the length of labor, and 3 times the vaginal delivery. The uterine delivery has increased by a factor of two; the chance of thromboembolism has also increased; the incidence of macrosomia has increased. Obese pregnant women gain significant weight gain during pregnancy, and the incidence of gigantic children is also significantly higher, which is about twice that of normal pregnant women. Pregnant women who are already obese before pregnancy should pay special attention to regular prenatal check-ups during pregnancy, strengthen prenatal monitoring, and timely discover and treat pregnancy complications. Pay attention to conditioning nutrition during pregnancy, so that the weight gain during pregnancy is controlled within the range of about 10 kg. Be alert to uterine contractions during delivery, slow labor, fetal distress, and neonatal asphyxia. After birth (especially within 6 hours of birth), asymptomatic hypoglycemia should be prevented, and breast milk or glucose can be fed early. Water to prevent it.

Why does hip position occur?

The breech position is the most common abnormal fetal position, with an incidence of 3% to 4%. Buttocks are more common before 30 weeks of pregnancy. After 30 weeks of pregnancy, the fetus can naturally turn to the head position to facilitate childbirth. The reason for the hip position may be: the fetal movement range in the uterine cavity is too large, due to excessive amniotic fluid or maternal abdominal wall relaxation, the fetus can move freely in the uterine cavity, thereby forming the hip position; the fetal movement range in the uterine cavity is limited : Uterine malformation, fetal malformation, twin pregnancy and excessive amniotic fluid, etc., leading to too small space in the uterine cavity, restricted fetal movement, prone to hip position; fetal title acceptance obstacle: pelvic stenosis, placenta previa, uterine fibroids When the child is huge, the fetus can easily turn into the breech position.

What are the types of hips

According to the posture of the fetus's two lower limbs, the hip position can be divided into three categories: single hip first exposed or legs straight first exposed: most common, fetal double hip flexion, knees straight, with the hip as the first exposed part; full hip First show or mixed hip first show: more common, the fetus's hips and knees flex, as if sitting cross-legged, with the hips and feet as the first exposed part; incomplete buttocks exposed: rare, the fetus is one foot or two feet One knee or two knees, or one foot and one knee are the exposed areas. ^[2]