What is microchip technology?
Almost all cells in our bodies contain the same deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with all the same genes. However, not all genes are used in any particular cell. In each type of cells, only certain genes are "turned on," so to say. For example, the liver cells perform different functions from muscle cells because different genes are expressed in them. Microarray technology is a technique that has evolved to allow us to find out which genes are used in each particular cell class throughout the body.
microchip technologies help scientists find out which genes are turned on in different cells and how cells achieve the types of specialization that demonstrate. In a typical experiment with a microchip, the DNA molecules are located on a specific, predetermined slip on the microscope glass. This layout of DNA molecules is known as a microchip because it is very small, and that is where Microarray technology gets its name.
As soon as the micro -cleaning of organization was, the type of ribonlic acidEova (RNA) known as Messenger RNA (MRNA) is isolated from a specific type of cell. MRNA serves as a duplicate of one or more genes in the cell, and is therefore a good indicator of which genes are expressed in this cell. When the MRNA was isolated, a fluorescent dye is added to make it easier to be visible under the microscope. At this point, the MRNA is added to the microchip of the DNA in the image.
When two types of genetic material are mixed on the slides, the MRNA will stick to the DNA at a place that represents the gene from which it originally came. MRNA will not stick to each gene in the DNA sample, because not every gene is expressed by a cell. Any mRNA, which cannot connect to DNA in the microchip, is then washed away and what is held is now clearly visible due to the added dye earlier. Místa na DNA, že thE mRNA se drží diskrétních, známých genů. This application of microchips technology therefore allows scientistsThey find out which types of genes are expressed by a certain type of cells.
The use of Microarray technology is focused mainly on medicine and biotechnology. In addition to the discovery of genes and those that express different cells, new drugs may be designed in the light of discoveries of these techniques. Microarray technology also means that the disease, including cancer, can be diagnosed and studied in ways that were previously impossible.